Bibliographie
Baudelot Christian and Establet Roger, Durkheim et Le Suicide, 1st ed., Paris, PUF, 1984.
Blakely T. A., Collings S. C. D. and Atkinson J., “Unemployment and Suicide. Evidence for a Causal Association?”, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003, 57 (8), p. 594-600.
Braswell H., and Kushner H. I., “Suicide, Social Integration, and Masculinity in the U.S. Military,” Soc Sci Med, 2012, 74 (4), p. 530-536.
Brenner M. Harvey, “Rising Unemployment Causes Higher Death Rates, New study by Yale Researcher Shows”, interview in Yale News, 23 May 2002, p. 1-2.
Case Anne and Deaton Angus, “Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife among White Non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 (49), 2015, p. 15078-15083.
Cavan Ruth Shonle, Suicide, Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, University of Chicago Sociological Series, 1928.
Delgenes Jean-Claude, “Le suicide ne doit pas faire exception au traitement de l'information”, Le Huffington Post, September 9, 2016. URL : http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/bloggers/jean-claude-delgenes/
Douglas Jack D., The Social Meanings of Suicide. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1967.
Dublin Louis I., Suicide: A Sociological and Statistical Study, New York, Ronald Press, 1963.
Durkheim Émile, “Suicide et natalité: étude de statistique morale,” Revue philosophique de la France et de L'étranger, 1888, (26), p. 446-463.
Durkheim Émile, Le Suicide. Étude de sociologie, Paris, F. Alcan, 1897.
Durkheim Émile, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, New York, Free Press, 1951.
Durkheim Émile, De la division du travail social. Étude sur l'organisation des sociétés supérieures [1893], Paris, PUF, 7th ed., 1960.
Esquirol Jean-Étienne, “De la lypemanie ou melancolie”, in Des Maladies Mentales, t. 1, Paris, J.-B. Baillière, 1838.
Ezzy D., “Unemployment and Mental Health: A Critical Review”, Soc Sci Med, July 1993, 37 (1), p. 41-52.
Henry Andrew F. and Short James F., Suicide and Homicide: Some Economic, Sociological, and Psychological Aspects of Aggression, Glencoe, Free Press, 1954.
Isacsson G., “The Conclusion of a Causal Link Between Unemployment and Suicide Cannot be Drawn”, letter to editor, BMJ, 1998, 317, p. 1283.
Junger Sebastian, Tribe: On Homecoming and Belonging, New York, Hanchette Group, 2016.
Kushner Howard I. and Sterk Claire. E., “The Limits of Social Capital: Durkheim, Suicide, and Social Cohesion”, American Journal of Public Health, July 2005, 95, p. 1139-1143.
Kushner Howard I., American Suicide: A Psychocultural Exploration, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 1991.
Kushner Howard I., “Suicide, Gender, and the Fear of Modernity,” in David Wright and John Weaver (eds.), Studies on Suicide and History, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2008, p. 19-52.
Kushner Howard I., “Suicide, Gender, and the Fear of Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Medical and Social Thought”, Journal of Social History, 1993, 26, p. 461-490.
Kushner Howard I., “Women & Suicidal Behavior: Epidemiology, Gender, & Lethality in Historical Perspective”, in Silvia Sara Canetto and David Lester, Women and Suicidal Behavior, New York, Springer Publishing Co., 1995, p. 11-34.
Lane Roger, Violent Death in the City: Suicide, Accident, and Murder in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1979.
Lester David and Yang B., “Unemployment and Suicidal Behavior”, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003, 57, p. 558-559.
Lewis G. and Sloggett A., “Suicide, Deprivation, and Unemployment: Record Linkage Study”, BMJ, (Nov 07) 1998, 317 (7168), p. 1283-1286.
Maris Ronald W. and Lazerwitz Bernard Melvin, Pathways to Suicide: A Survey of Self-Destructive Behaviors, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.
Tavernise Sabrina, “U.S. Suicide Rate Surges to a 30-Year High”, New York Times, April 22, 2016.
Zoroya Greg, “U.S. Military Suicides Remain High for 7th Year”, USA Today, May 4, 2016.
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Notes
M. Harvey Brenner, interview in Yale News, “Rising Unemployment Causes Higher Death Rates, New study by Yale Researcher Shows,” 23 May 2002, p. 1-2.
Anne Case and Angus Deaton, “Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(49), 2015, p. 15078-15083.
Ibid., p. 15080-5083.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3102933.stm
Tony A. Blakely, S. C. D. Collings and J. Atkinson, “Unemployment and suicide. Evidence for a causal association?”, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(8), 2003, p. 594-600.
Ibid., p. 594. Employment was associated with 6 percent of all suicides. The team acknowledged that mental illness was a factor in approximately 50 percent of all suicides.
http://www.thelocal.fr/20130910/why-france-has-such-a-high-suicide-rate. Also see Jean-Claude Delgenes, “Le suicide ne doit pas faire exception au traitement de l'information” Huffington Post, September 9, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/bloggers/jean-claude-delgenes
Ibid.
S. Tavernise, “U.S. Suicide Rate Surges to a 30-Year High”, New York Times, April 22, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/health/us-suicide-rate-surges-to-a-30-year-high.html
Ibid.
Putnam quoted in “U.S. suicide rate surges to a 30-year high”, New York Times, April 22, 2016.
Ibid.
Ibid.
G. Zoroya, “U.S. Military suicides remain high for 7th year”, USA Today, May 4, 2016.
H. Braswell and Howard I. Kushner, “Suicide, social integration, and masculinity in the U.S. military”, Social Science & Medicine, 74(4), 2012, p. 530-536.
Sebastian Junger, Tribe, On Homecoming and Belonging, New York, Hanchette Group, 2016.
H. Braswell and Howard I. Kushner, “Suicide, social integration, and masculinity in the U.S. military”, op. cit., p. 530-536.
Howard I. Kushner and C. E. Sterk, “The Limits of Social Capital: Durkheim, Suicide, and Social Cohesion”, American Journal of Public Health, 95, July 2005, p. 1139-1143.
“Il y a longtemps qu'on a dit que la folie est maladie de la civilisation.” Jean-Étienne Esquirol, "De La lypémanie ou mélancolie," [1820], Des maladies mentales, vol. 1, Paris, 1838, p. 400-401.
Howard I. Kushner, “Suicide, gender, and the fear of modernity in nineteenth-century medical and social thought”, Journal of Social History, 26, 1993, p. 461-490; Howard I. Kushner, “Suicide, Gender, and the Fear of Modernity”, in D. Wright and J. Weaver (dir.), Studies on Suicide and History, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2008, p. 19-52.
Émile Durkheim, “Suicide et natalité. Étude de statistique morale”, Revue philosophique de la France et de l’étranger, 26, 1888, p. 446-463; Émile Durkheim, De la division du travail social, Paris, F. Alcan, 1893.
Howard I. Kushner and C. E. Sterk, “The Limits of Social Capital: Durkheim, Suicide, and Social Cohesion”, op. cit., p. 1139-1143.
Émile Durkheim, Le suicide. Étude de sociologie, Paris, F. Alcan, coll. Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine, 1897, p. XII.
H. I. Kushner and C. E. Sterk, “The Limits of Social Capital: Durkheim, Suicide, and Social Cohesion”, op. cit.
Ibid., p. 1140.
Ruth S. Cavan, Suicide, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, University of Chicago sociological series, 1928, p. XXVII.
Howard I. Kushner, American suicide: a psychocultural exploration, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 1991, p. 65-66.
Andrew F. Henry and James F. Short, Suicide and homicide; some economic, sociological, and psychological aspects of aggression, Glencoe, Free Press, 1954.
Howard I. Kushner, American suicide: a psychocultural exploration, op. cit., p. 68-69.
Louis I. Dublin, Suicide: A Sociological and Statistical Study, New York, Ronald Press, 1963; Howard I. Kushner, American suicide, op. cit., p. 67-68.
Howard I. Kushner, American suicide, op. cit., p. 67-68.
Ronald W. Maris and Bernard M. Lazerwitz, Pathways to suicide: a survey of self-destructive behaviors, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, p. XXII.
Howard I. Kushner, American suicide, op. cit., p. 70-72.
29 Glyn Lewis and A. Sloggett, “Suicide, deprivation, and unemployment: record linkage study”, British Medical Journal, 317(7168), 1998, p. 1283.
Isacsson, G., “The Conclusion of a Causal Link Between Unemployment and Suicide Cannot be Drawn”, Letter to Editor, BMJ, 317, 7 November 1998, p. 1283.
Ibid., p.1283.
David Lester and B. Yang, “Unemployment and Suicidal Behavior”, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 2003, p. 558.
Ibid.
Isacsson, “The Conclusion of a Causal Link Between Unemployment and Suicide Cannot be Drawn”, in op. cit., p. 1283.
D. Ezzy, “Unemployment and mental health: a critical review”, Social Science & Medicine, July 1993, 37(1), p. 41-52.
Émile Durkheim, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, New York, Free Press, 1951. p. 44. Italics in original. See Durkheim, Le suicide. Étude de sociologie, Paris, PUF, 1986, p. 5. Italics in original.
Christian Baudelot et Roger Establet, Durkheim et le suicide, Paris, PUF, 1984, p. 50, and p. 74-75. Also see Howard I. Kushner, “Women and suicidal behavior: epidemiology, gender, and lethality in historical perspective”, in S. S. Canetto and David Lester (dir.), Women and Suicidal Behavior, New York, Springer Publishing, 1995, p. 11-34.
Émile Durkheim, Suicide, op. cit., p. 258, also see p. 246 and 252.
Émile Durkheim, Suicide, op. cit., p. 241-258, esp. p. 246, 252, 258.
Ibid., p. 276.
Most subsequent studies, even those that claim to reevaluate Durkheim's Suicide, have ignored fatalistic suicide. For instance, in their attempt to “lire Le suicide, pour en extraire une méthode d'analyse aujourd'hui encore applicable au suicide et à d’autres faits sociaux”, Baudelot and Establet review only the “trois grands types de suicides […] le suicide égoïste […] le suicide altruiste,” and “le suicide anomique” ; In fact, their study never mentions fatalistic suicide. It is, therefore, not surprising that they have concluded that Durkheim’s assertion that men were more suicidal than women has stood the test of time. Baudelot et Establet, Durkheim et le suicide, in op. cit., p. 10-11, see also p. 99-103. Also see Baudelot and Establet, “Suicide : l’évolution séculaire d’un fait social”, Économie et statistique, 1984, 168, p. 59-70.
Roger Lane, Violent death in the city: suicide, accident, and murder in nineteenth-century Philadelphia, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1979, p. XIII.
Ibid.
Jack D. Douglas, The social meanings of suicide, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1967, p. XIV.
Official suicide statistics, derived from state and federal reporting, are based on compilations of Coroners’ Reports that are notoriously unreliable because, among other things, they lack uniform definition. Data collection often is influenced by unspoken assumptions about what constitutes a suicide. The classification of an act as a suicide is idiosyncratic; it reflects what a society or culture believes constitutes a suicide. In addition, they exclude attempted suicide. Most studies acknowledge unreliability of suicide statistics, but ignore their own warnings.
Jack D. Douglas, The Social Meanings of Suicide, op. cit., p. 271-283, 155. Italics in original.
Ibid.
Émile Durkheim, Suicide, op. cit., p. 277-278. Durkheim’s study sometimes was ambiguous on this issue. Italics added. For instance, later in his text (p. 300) he asserted: “There is nothing which cannot serve as an occasion for suicide. It all depends on the intensity with which the causes have affected the individual.”
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