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Simpson (Roger) et Coté (William), Covering Violence: A Guide to Ethical Reporting about Victims and Trauma, New York, Columbine University Press, 2006, 305 p.
Snell (Clete), Bailey (Charles), Carona (Anthony) et Mebane (Dalila), “School crime policy changes: The impact of recent highly publicized school crimes”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 26, n° 2, 2002, p. 269-285.
Stein (Howard), “Disposable Youth: The 1999 Columbine High School Massacre as American Metaphor”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, n° 5, 2000, p. 217-236.
Sullivan (Mercer) et Guerette (Rob), “The Copycat Factor : Mental Illness, Guns, and the Shooting danscident at Heritage High School, Rockdale County, Georgia”, dans Moore M. et al. Deadly Lessons : Understanding Lethal School Violence, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, Washington D.C., Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003, p. 25-69.
Sumiala (Johanna) et Tikka (Minuttu), “Web First” to Death. The Media Logic of the School Shootings in the Era of Uncertainty”, Nordicom Review, vol. 31, n° 2, 2010, p. 17-29.
Sumiala (Johanna) et Tikka (Minuttu), “Reality on Circulation. School Shootings, Ritualised Communication, and the Dark Side of the Sacred”, ESSACHESS Journal for Communication Studies, vol. 4, n° 8, 2011, p. 145-159.
Stretesky (Paul) et Hogan (Michael), “Columbine and Student Perceptions of Safety : A Quasi-experimental Study”, Journal of Criminal Justice, n° 29, 2001, p. 429-443.
Trump (Kenneth), Classroom killers ? Hallway hostages ? How schools can prevent and manage school crises, Thousand Oaks, California, Corwin, 2000, 184 p.
Tonry (Michael) et Moore (Mark) [dir.], Crime and Justice, Volume 24: Youth Violence. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Chicago, University of Chicago Press Journals, 1998, 464 p.
Tonso (Karen), "Reflecting on Columbine High : Ideologies of Priviledge in ‘Standardized’ Schools", Educational Studies, n° 33, 2003, p. 389-403.
Torres (Manuel Soriano), “Jihadist propaganda and its audiences: a change of course? Perspectives on Terrorism.” vol. 1, n° 2, 2007, http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/9/21
Twemlow (Stuart), “Assessing adolescents who threaten homicide in schools”, The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 62, n° 3, 2002, p. 225-226.
Verlinden (Stephanie), “Risk Factors in School Shootings”, Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 20, n° 1, 2002, p. 3-56.
Valiverronen (Jari), Koljonen (Kari) et Raittila (Pentti), “Vital Explanations or Harmful Gossip? Finnish Journalists’ Reflections on Reporting the Interpretations of Two School Shootings”, dans Muschert (Glenn W.) et Sumiala (Johanna) [dir.], School Shootings: Mediatized Violence in a Global Age, Studies in Media and Communications, n° 7, 2012, p. 161-80.
Vossekuil (Bryan) Fein (Robert A.), Reddy (Marisa), Borum (Randy), Modzeleski (William), The Final Report and Findings of The Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States, US Secret Services, US Department of Education, Washington D.C., 2002, https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/preventingattacksreport.pdf
Walkup (John) et Rubin (David), “Social withdrawal and violence—Newtown, Connecticut”, The New England Journal of Medicine, n° 368, 2013, p. 399-401.
Weintraub (Philippe), Hall (Harriet L.) et Pynoos (Robert S.), “Columbine High School Shootings: Community Response” dans Shafii (M.), Shafii (S.L.) [dir.], School Violence: Assessment, Management, Prevention, Washington DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2001, p. 129-61.
Wike (Traci) et Fraser (Mark), “School shootings: Making sense of the senseless”, Aggression and Violent Behavior, n° 14, 2009, p. 162-169.
Wilson (William), When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor, New York, Knopf, 1996, 322 p.
Wilkinson (Deanna) et Fagan (Jeffrey), “What We Know About Gun Use Amongst Adolescents”, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 4, n° 2, 2001, p. 109-132.
Windham (Craig), Hooper (Lisa M.) et Hudson (Patricia E.) "Selected Spiritual Religious, and Family Factors in the Prevention of Sch
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Notes
H.R. Hutson, “Suicide by Cop”, Annals of Emergency Medecine, vol. 32, n° 6, 1998, p. 665-669.
Glenn W. Muschert, “Research in school shootings”, Sociology Compass vol. 1, n° 1, 2007, p. 60-80; Glenn W. Muschert et Massimo Ragnedda, “Media and Violence Control: The Framing of School Shootings”, dans Heitmeyer et al. [dir.], The Control of Violence in Modern Society: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, From School Shootings to Ethnic Violence, New York, Springer Publishing, 2010, p. 345-361; Thomas A. Birkland et Regina A. Lawrence, “Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine”, American Behavioral Scientist, n° 52(10), 2009, p. 1405-1425; Ralph Larkin, “The Columbine legacy: Rampage shootings as political acts”, The Behavioral Scientist 52(9), 2009, p. 1309-1326; Katherine Newman et Cybelle Fox, “Repeat Tragedy: Rampage Shootings in American High School and College Settings 2002-2008”, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 52, n° 9, 2009, p. 1286-1308.
David Le Breton, "Sur les massacres perpétrés par des adolescents dans leurs écoles", Adolescence, vol. 76, n° 2, 2011a, p. 240 ; David Le Breton, "Sur les massacres scolaires", Le Débat, vol. 166, n° 4, 2011b, p. 160-173.
Nathalie Paton, “Media Participation of School Shooters and Their Fans. Navigating Between Self-distinction and Imitation to Achieve Individuation”, dans Glenn W. Muschert et Johanna Sumiala [dir.], “School Shootings : Mediatized Violence in a Global Age”, Studies in Media and Communications, n° 7, 2012, p. 203-229 ; Nathalie Paton, « La e-participation subversive comme mode d’individuation », Revue Française de Sciences de l’information et de la communication, n° 7, 2015a, http://rfsic.revues.org/1681 ; Nathalie Paton, School shooting. La violence à l'ère de YouTube, Paris, Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Interventions, 2015b, 224 p.
Voir Alain Bauer et Émile Perez, Amérique, la violence, le crime : Les réalités et les mythes, PUF, coll. Criminalité, nov. 2000, 304 p. ; Daniel-Robert Dufour, « La condition subjective dans les sociétés démocratiques », dans Assoun, P. L. et Zafiropoulos, M. (dir.), L’anthropologie psychanalytique, Paris, Anthropos, 2002, p. 27-47 ; Eric Debarbieux, Les dix commandements contre la violence à l'école, Odile Jacob, 2008..
Jessie Klein et Lynn S. Chancer, “Masculinity Matters: The Omission of Gender from High-Profile School Violence Cases", dans Stephanie Urno Spino (ed.), Smoke and Mirors: The hidden of violence in schools and society, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000; Susan Harter et al., “What Have We Learned from Columbine: The Impact of Self-System on Suicidal and Violent Ideation Among Adolescents”, Journal of School Violence, n° 2, 2003, p. 3-26; Jessie Klein, “Cultural Capital and High School Bullies”, Men and Masculinities, n° 9, 2006, p. 53-75.
Reid Meloy et al., “Offender and offence characteristics of a nonrandom sample of adolescent mass murderers”, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 2001, p. 719-728 ;
Mercer Sullivan et Rob Guerette, “The Copycat Factor : Mental Illness, Guns, and the Shooting Incident at Heritage High School, Rockdale County, Georgia”, dans Moore M. et al., Deadly Lessons : Understanding Lethal School Violence, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003, p. 25-69 ; Ken Kyle et Stephen Thompson, “The Roles of Morality Development and Personal Power in Mass School Shootings”, dans Miller, T. [dir.], School Violence and Primary Prevention, vol. I, New York, Springer, 2008, p. 95-123 ; James Levin et Eric Madfis, “Mass murder at school and cumulative strain : A sequential model”, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 52, n° 9, 2009, p. 1227-1245.
Douglas Kellner, Guys and guns amok : Domestic terrorism and school shootings from the Oklahoma City bombing to the Virginia Tech massacre. Boulder, Colorado, Paradigm, 2008, 232 p.
Teressa Shubert et al., “Analysis of random school shootings”, dans Bender, W. et al., Violence Prevention and Reduction in Schools, Austin, Texas, PRO-ED, 1999, p. 97-101 ; William Bender et al., op. cit. ; Newman Katherine et al., Rampage : The Social Roots of School Shootings, New York, Basic Books, 2004, 424 p. ; Larkin, op. cit. ; Muschert, op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit., p. 14-15.
David Harding et al., “Studying rare events through qualitative case studies: Lessons from a study of rampage school shootings”, Sociological Methods & Research, vol. 31, n° 2, 2003, p. 174-217; Katherine Newman et al., op.cit.; Cybelle Fox et David Harding, “School Shootings as Organizational Deviance", Sociology of Education”, n° 78, 2005, p. 69-97.
Il s’agit des propos de Scharrer et al. (2003) rapportés par Thomas A. Birkland et Regina A. Lawrence, op. cit., p. 1411.
Seront toutefois écartées les productions scientifiques réalisées à partir d’acceptions voisines, parfois confondues dans la littérature, telles celles évoquées plus haut. Notre orientation entend donc exclure les travaux ayant trait au terrorisme, aux attaques liées à la politique intérieure ou aux meurtres de masse effectués ailleurs que dans un établissement scolaire et/ou par l’intermédiaire d’une personne qui ne serait pas un (ancien) élève. Voir Glenn W. Muschert, op. cit., (Pour une distinction des différentes formes de violence évoquées ici vis-à-vis des school shootings).
Les données de cette partie intitulée « La constitution d’une nouvelle forme de violence aux Etats-Unis » ont été évoquées dans l’ouvrage de l'auteur de cet article (cf. Nathalie Paton, op. cit., p. 25 à 51) de façon plus synthétique et sans référence bibliographique à même le texte.
Delbert Elliott et al. [dir.], Violence in American Schools, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1998, 408 p. ; Michael Tonry et Mark Moore [dir.], "Youth Violence. Crime and Justice : A Review of Research", Crime and Justice, vol. 24, Chicago, University of Chicago Press Journals, 1998, 464 p. ; Deanna Wilkinson et Jeffrey Fagan, “What We Know About Gun Use Amongst Adolescents”, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 4, n° 2, 2001, p. 109-132.
Department of Health and Human Services, Surgeon General, Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General, Washington, D.C., 2001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44294/.
William Wilson, When Work Disappears : The World of the New Urban Poor, New York, Knopf, 1996, 322 p.
Ken Kyle et Stephen Thompson, op. cit.
John Hagan et al., “First and Last Words: Apprehending the Social and Legal Facts of an Urban High School Shooting”, Sociological Methods & Research, vol. 31, n° 2, 2003, p. 218-254.
Jerome Schiele et Ron Stewart, “When White Boys Kill : An Afrocentric Analysis", Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, n° 4, 2001, p. 253-273.
Rebecca Mai et Judith Alpert, “Separation and Socialization : A Feminist Analysis of the School Shootings at Columbine”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, n° 5, 2000, p. 264-75 ; Hilary Neroni, “The Men of Columbine : Violence and Masculinity in American Culture and Film”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, n° 5, 2000, p. 256-263 ; Pamela Sandler et Judith Alpert, “Violence and Group Dynamics in the High School : The Columbine School Shootings”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, n° 5, 2000, p. 246-255 ; Katherine Newman et al., op. cit. ; Amy Brandzel et Jigna Desai, “Race, Violence, and Terror : The Cultural Defensibility of Heteromasculine Citizenship in the Virginia Tech Massacre and the Don Imus Affair”, Journal of Asian American Studies, vol. 11, n° 1, 2008, p. 61-85.
Todd Ramlow, “Bad Boys : Abstractions of Difference and the Politics of Youth "Deviance”, GLQ : A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, vol. 9, n° 1-2, 2003, p. 107-32.
Kathleen Heide et al.,“School Shootings in the United States : A Typology of Lethal and Nonlethal Injury”, dans Blackman et al. [dir.], Proceedings of the Homicide Research Working Group Meeting, 1999, Chicago, Illinois, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2000 ; Newman et al., op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Au sens de Robert Putnam (Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone : The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York : Simon & Schuster, 2000, 525 p.
Surgeon General, op. cit.
Voir à ce sujet Glenn W. Muschert, op. cit.
Allen Berres, Social Drama, Crisis, and the Columbine High School Shootings, Thesis Dissertation, Ohio State University, 2005, 313 p.
Barry Glassner, The Culture of Fear. Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things, New York, Basic Books, 1999, p. 14-15.
John J. Dilulio, Jr., "The Coming of the Super-Predators,", The Weekly Standard, November 27, 1995, p. 23-28.
Propos rapportés par Vitor Kappeler et Gary Potter, The Mythology of Crime and Criminal Justice (4th ed), Prospect Heights, Illinois, Waveland Press, 2004, 218 p.
Geoffrey Canada, Etats-Unis des enfants et des armes récit de la violence ordinaire, Actions Sociales, Paris, 1999, 140 p.
Stuart Pinker, The Blank Slate : The Modern Denial of Nature, New York, Lane, 2002, p. 67.
William Bender et al., “Invisible Kids: Preventing School Violence by Identifying Kids in Trouble”, Intervention in School and Clinic, n° 37, 2001, p. 105-11.
Katheleen Heide et al., op. cit.; Bryan Vossekuil et al., The Final Report and Findings of The Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States, US Secret Services, US Department of Education, Washington, D.C., 2002, https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/preventingattacksreport.pdf.
William Bender et al., op. cit.
Stuart Aitken, “Schoolyard Shootings : Racism, Sexism and Moral Panics over Teen Violence”, Antipode, vol. 33, n° 4, 2001, p. 593-600.
Mark Moore et al. [dir], Deadly Lessons : Understanding Lethal School Violence, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003, 400 p.
Le père de Charles Williams commente les actes de son fils dans un article intitulé : An Epidemic of Violence. (CNN, 8 mars 2001, http://articles.cnn.com/2001-03-08/us/alarming.incidents_1_santee-shootings-metal-detectors-deadly-school-shooting?_s=PM:US).
Ronald Burns et Charles Crawford, “School Shootings, the Media, and Public Fear : Ingredients for Moral Panic”, Crime, Law, and Social Change, n° 32, 1999, p. 147.
Glenn W. Muschert et Ralph Larkin, “The Columbine High School Shootings”, dans Chermak S. and Bailey, F.Y. [dir.], Crimes & Trials of the Century, Westport, CT, Praeger, 2007, p. 25-43.
Glenn W. Muschert, op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Ralph Larkin, op. cit.
Glenn W. Muschert, op. cit.
Howard Stein, “Disposable Youth : The 1999 Columbine High School Massacre as American Metaphor”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, n° 5, 2000, p. 217-236.
Patricia Leavy et Kathryn Maloney, “American Reporting of School Violence and `People Like Us' : A Comparison of Newspaper Coverage of the Columbine and Red Lake School Shootings”, Critical Sociology, vol. 35, n° 2, 2009, p. 273-292.
Carolyn Lunsford Mears, “A Columbine Study : Giving Voice, Hearing Meaning”, Oral History Review, vol. 35, n° 2, 2008, p. 159-175.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Barry Glassner, op. cit.
Thomas A. Birkland et Regina A. Lawrence, op. cit.
Clete Snell et al., “School crime policy changes : The impact of recent highly publicized school crimes”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 26, n° 2, 2002, p. 269-285.
Glenn W. Muschert et Massimo Peguero, op. cit.
Glenn W. Muschert, “The Columbine Victims and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator”, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, vol. 5, n° 4, 2007, p. 351-366.
Stanely Cohen, Folk devils and moral panics : Creation of mods and rockers, London, MacGibbon and Kee, 1972, 327 p.
Ronald Burns et Charles Crawford, op. cit. ; Jim D'Entremont, "Preachers of doom", Index of censorship, 1999, p. 189-194 ; Stuart Aitken, op. cit. ; Donna Killingbeck, "The role of television news in the construction of school violence as a "moral panic", Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, vol. 8, n° 3, 2001, p. 186-202 ; Christopher Fergusson, “The School Shooting/Violent Video Game Link : Causal Relationship or Moral Panic ?”, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, n° 5, 2008, p. 25-37 ; Benjamin Frymer, “The media spectacle of Columbine : Alienated youth as an object of fear”, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 52, n° 10, 2009, p. 1387-1404.
Ronald Burns et Charles Crawford, op. cit.
Glenn W. Muschert et Dawn Carr, “Media salience and frame changing across events : Coverage of nine school shootings 1997-2001”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, vol. 83, n° 4, 2006, p. 747-766.
Katheleen Heide et al., op. cit. ; Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Stuart Aitken, op. cit. ; Jerome Schiele et Ron Stewart, op. cit. ; Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, “Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence”, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 46, n° 10, 2003, p. 1439-1458 ; Todd Ramlow, op. cit. ; Amy Brandzel et Jigna Desai, op.cit. ; Douglas Kellner, op. cit.
Philip Cook et John Laub, “The Unprecedented Epidemic in Youth Violence”, dans Tonry, M. et Moore, M. [dir.], "Youth Violence. Crime and Justice : A Review of Research", Crime and Justice, vol. 24, Chicago, University of Chicago Press Journals, 1998, p. 27-64.
Jerome Schiele et Ron Stewart, op. cit. ; Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit. ; Todd Ramlow, op. cit.
Au sens de Robert Putnam (op. cit.).
Eric Macé et Angelina Peralva, « Jacobinisme vs. industrie culturelle : médiatisation de la violence en France et au Brésil », Cultures et Conflits, n° 59, 2005, p. 92.
Allen Berres, op. cit.
Bryan Vossekuil et al., op. cit. ; Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
Antonio Preti, op. cit.
Reid Meloy et al., op. cit. ; Mercer Sullivan et Rob Guerette, op. cit. ; Ken Kyle et Stephen Thompson, op. cit. ; James Levin et Madfis Eric, op. cit.
Bryan Vossekuil, op. cit. ; Traci Wike et Mark Fraser, “School shootings : Making sense of the senseless”, Aggression and Violent Behavior, n° 14, 2009, p. 162-169.
Bryan Vossekuil, op. cit. ; Douglas Kellner, op. cit. ; Wike et Fraser, op. cit.
Bryan Vossekuil, op. cit. ; Stephanie Verlinden, “Risk Factors in School Shootings”, Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 20, n° 1, 2002, p. 3-56 ; Stuart Twemlow, “Assessing adolescents who threaten homicide in schools”, The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 62, n° 3, 2002, p. 225-226.
Bryan Vossekuil, op. cit. ; Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Todd Ramlow, op. cit.
Glenn W. Muschert, op. cit.
Le recours à la présentation de la littérature sous forme de tableau présente un double mérite : restituer, cumuler et actualiser les connaissances d’une part ; offrir au lecteur une vue d’ensemble de la littérature sous une apparence facilement exploitable d’autre part. Cela sous-tend toutefois d’adopter une classification des causes et des qualités de ce domaine d’étude qui soit semblable à celle suggérée par Muschert. C’est pourquoi, le tableau ci-après s’articule autour de trois niveaux d’échelles (eux-mêmes composés de plusieurs sous-échelles) plus proches des conceptions nord-américaines des découpages de la réalité sociale que celles auxquelles nous sommes habitués en France.
James P. McGee et Caren DeBernado, “The classroom avenger”, dans N.G. Ribner [dir.], Handbook of juvenile forensic psychology, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 2002, p. 1-5.
Susan Harter et al., op. cit.
John Walkup et David Rubin, “Social withdrawal and violence—Newtown, Connecticut”, The New England Journal of Medicine, n° 368, 2013, p. 399-401.
James P. McGee et Caren DeBernado, op. cit.
Mary Ellen O’Toole, “The school shooter : A threat assessment perspective”, Quantico, VA : Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008, http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/school-shooter
Reid Meloy et al., op. cit.
Stephanie Verlinden et al., op. cit.
James Fox et Jack Levin, "Mass murder : An analysis of extreme violence", Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, n° 5, 2003, p. 47-64.
David Harding et al., op. cit.
Susan Harter et al., op. cit.
Mercer Sullivan et Rob Guerette, op. cit.
Lisa Aitken et al., "Mass murders : Implications for mental health professionals", The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, n° 38, 2008, p. 261-269.
Katherine Newman et Cybelle Fox, op. cit.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
Christopher Ferguson et al., “Psychological profiles of school shooters : Positive directions and one big wrong turn”, Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations, n° 11, 2011, n° 141-158.
Frank Newport, To stop shootings, Americans focus on police, mental health : Democrats substantially more likely to see assault gun ban as effective. Gallup News Service, 2012, http://www.gallup.com/poll/159422/stop-shootings-americans-focus-police-mental-health.aspx
J.L. Knoll 4th, “The “pseudocommando” mass murderer : Part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration”, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, n° 38, 2010, p. 87-94.
James P. McGee et Caren DeBernado, op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Antonio Preti, “School Shooting as a Culturally Enforced Way of Expressing Suicidal Hostile Intentions”, J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, n° 36, 2008, p. 544-550.
Mary Ellen O’Toole, op. cit.
William Bender et al., op. cit.
James P. McGee et Caren DeBernado, op. cit.
Bryan Vossekuil et al., op. cit.
Todd Ramlow, op. cit.
Karin Reuter-Rice, “Male adolescent bullying and the school shooter”, The Journal of School Nursing, vol. 24, n° 6, 2008, p. 350-359.
Rebecca Mai et Judith Alpert, op. cit.
Hilary Neroni, op. cit.
Bryan Vossekuil et al., op. cit.
Todd Ramlow, op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Jessie Klein, op. cit.
Karin Reuter-Rice, op. cit.
Katheleen Heide et al., op. cit.
William Bender et al., op. cit.
Jerome Schiele et Ron Stewart, op. cit.
Todd Ramlow, op. cit.
Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
Amy Brandzel et Jigna Desai, op.cit.
Douglas Kellner, op. cit.
Traci Wike et Mark Fraser, op. cit.
Jessie Klein, op. cit.
Reid Meloy et al., op. cit.
Susan Harter et al., op. cit.
Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
Mark Leary et al., “Teasing, Rejection, and Violence : Case Studies of the School Shootings", Aggressive Behavior, n° 29, 2003, p. 202-214.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
Ann Wolbert Burgess et al., "Pathological Teasing and Bullying Turned Deadly : Shooters and Suicide", Victims & Offenders, vol. 1, issue 1, 2006, p. 1-14.
Jessie Klein, op. cit.
Ralph Larkin, op. cit.
Karin Reuter-Rice, op. cit.
James Levin et Eric Madfis, op. cit.
James P. McGee et Caren DeBernado, op. cit.
William Bender et al., op. cit.
James Fox et Jack Levin, op. cit.
Katherine Newman, op. cit.
James Levin et Eric Madfis, op. cit.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
John Walkup et David Rubin, op. cit.
Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
Amy Brandzel et Jigna Desai, op.cit.
Douglas Kellner, op. cit.
Traci Wike et Mark Fraser, op. cit.
Bryan Verlinden et al., op. cit.
Stuart Twemlow et al., op. cit.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
Pamela Sandler et Judith Alpert, op. cit.
John Hagan et al., op. cit.
Ralph Larkin, op. cit.
John Hagan et al., op. cit.
Brian Lickel et al.,“A Case of Collective Responsibility : Who Else Was to Blame for the Columbine High School Shootings ?”, Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, n° 29, 2003, p. 194-204.
Katherine Newman, op. cit.
Pamela Sandler et Judith Alpert, op. cit.
Mercer Sullivan et Rob Guerette, op. cit.
Traci Wike et Mark Fraser, op. cit.
Julie Webber, Failure to Hold: The Politics of School Violence, New York, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003, 232 p.
Daniel Flannery et al., "Violence and school shootings", Current Psychiatry Reports, vol. 15, issue 1, 2013, p. 331.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
Julie Webber, op. cit.
Cybelle Fox et David Harding, op. cit.
Katherine Newman, op. cit.
Ralph Larkin, op. cit.
Karen Tonso, “Reflecting on Columbine High : Ideologies of Priviledge in “Standardized” Schools", Educational Studies, n° 33, 2003, p. 389-403.
Elliot Aronson, "How the Columbine high school tragedy could have been prevented", Journal of Individual Psychology, n° 60, 2004, p. 355-360.
Ralph Larkin, op.cit.
Doreen Arcus, “School Shooting Fatalities and School Corporal Punishment : A Look at the States”, Aggressive Behavior, n° 28, 2002, p. 173-183.
Aaron Kupchik et Thomas Catlaw, “The Dynamics of School Discipline in a Neoliberal Era”, dans Muschert et al. [dir.], Responding to School Violence : Confronting the Columbine Effect, Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013, p. 53-69.
Daniel Thomas Cook, "Childhood Is Killing “Our” Children : Some Thoughts on the Columbine High School Shootings and the Agentive Child", Childhood, n° 7, 2000, p. 107-117.
Mark Jacobs, “The School Shooting as a Ritual of Sacrifice”, dans Cook Daniel Thomas [dir ;], Symbolic Childhood, New York, Peter Lang, 2002, p. 169-182.
Julie Webber, op. cit.
Daniel Flannery et al., op. cit.
Nathalie Paton, op. cit.
Rebecca Mai et Judith Alpert, op. cit.
Hilary Neroni, op. cit.
Katherine Newman et al., op. cit.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
Peter Eglin et Stephen Hester, The Montreal Massacre : A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis. Waterloo, ON, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2003.
Julie Webber, op. cit.
Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
Amy Brandzel et Jigna Desai, op.cit.
David Le Breton, op. cit.
Donald P. Haider-Markel et Mark R. Joslyn, “Gun Policy, Opinion, Tragedy, and Blame Attribution: The Conditional Influence of Issue Frames", Journal of Politics, n° 63, 2001, p. 520-543.
James Fox et Jack Levin, op. cit.
Julie Webber, op. cit.
Thomas A. Birkland et Regina A. Lawrence, op. cit.
Frank Newport, op. cit.
Doreen Arcus, op. cit.
Julie Webber, op. cit.
Michael Kimmel et Matthew Mahler, op. cit.
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ibid
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