Navigation – Plan du site

AccueilPrésentationTypographic and bibliographic sta...

Typographic and bibliographic standards

Typographic standards

Using Word

Articles should be written in Word. Font Times New roman, size 12, one and a half line spacing.

Wherever possible, authors should send their articles in “.doc” or “.docx” format.

Wherever possible, tables should be formatted directly in the main text.

Header

The following information should appear in the header of each article:

Article title

Translation of title

First name Last name (in lower case)

University of affiliation

Abstract in French (15 lines)

Resumen: in Spanish

Abstract: in English

Mots-clés in French: 5 words maximum

Palabras claves in Spanish: 5 palabras

Keywords in English: 5 words

Use of italics, bold and underline

Italics are reserved for book titles, words or phrases foreign to the language used to write the article (bestseller, etc.), or words that the authors wish to emphasize.

Bold or underlined type should be avoided wherever possible.

Punctuation after a word or phrase in italics, bold or underlined, is in roman.

Using hyphens or Dashes

Dashes should not be confused with:

the conditional or unbreakable hyphen;

the hyphen or semi-cadratine dash, used to:

-an incision: she was wearing a hat always a green hat– and a yellow scarf;

-an enumeration: –1. ;

the cadratine dash is used for dialogues:

—Oronte: ...

Caution: the incising dash is not used before the period: – dit-il.

Parentheses and square brackets

Parentheses and square brackets are always used in pairs and in this order: (... [...] ...) or (...) [...].

Emphasis

Capital letters are accented: Á, À, Â, Í, Ì, Î, Ú,

Ù, Û, É, È, Ê, Ó, Ò, Ô, etc.

Titles of works

- capitalization of the first word of the title: Chemins tournants; Cambio de piel

- In French, if the first word is a definite article (le, la, les), the common noun it introduces is also capitalized, as is the adjective if placed before it; in Spanish, only the first word, whether an article or not, is capitalized.

Le Sacrifice de la beauté; La región más transparente

Un normalien à Berlin (indefinite article: no capital in the noun)

L’Après-Midi d’un faune (in compound nouns: cap. to all terms)

English titles: follow the recommendations of the Chicago Manual of Style

Acronyms, institutions, companies

- in capitals, without dots: AFNOR, CNRS, CEDEX;

- some widely used acronyms, which are easy to pronounce, can be written in lower case with an initial capital: Unesco, Benelux...;

- if they are unfamiliar, expand on them in a note at the first occurrence or in brackets in the text.

All names of companies, parties, ministries, conferences, orchestras, theater companies, artistic events, etc., should be in roman with a minimum of capitalization (usually limited to an initial capital).

Abbreviations

Some common abbreviations: xve siècle, av. J.-C., etc., M. et MM., Mme et Mlle, 1er (1re), 2e, op. cit. ibid. id. ed. dir. ms. et mss, coll. chap. vol. t. nº, sq., p. 14 and pp. 124-127.

Centuries

Centuries should be entered in Roman numerals, in small capitals, with the “e” in superscript: xve siècle.

Use of spaces

  • Double signs: ? ! ; are preceded by a non-breaking space and followed by a normal space. The non-breaking space is obtained on the PC by pressing Ctrl Shift Space, and on the Mac by pressing Alt Space.

  • French quotation marks, also known as chevrons: the opening quotation mark « is followed by a non-breaking space, and the closing » is preceded by a non-breaking space.

  • English quotation marks are neither followed (“) nor preceded (”) by a space.

The full stop (.) and the comma (,) are not preceded by a typographical space but are followed by a space.

No space after the opening parenthesis and no space before the closing parenthesis (...). The same applies to square brackets [et].

  • The abbreviations p. for page and fol. for folio are followed by a non-breaking space.

  • Do not insert more than one space between words (displaying the marks makes it easier to spot any double spaces inserted by mistake).

  • Non-breaking spaces and signs

  • A non-breaking space is used to link the word or sign that precedes it to the word or sign that follows it in order to prevent them from being separated and to prevent the second word or sign from being rejected at the beginning of the line, when this would interfere with the flow of reading.

  • The non-breaking space is placed:

  • before double punctuation marks → ; : ! ?

  • after the opening French quotation mark « and before the closing French quotation mark »;

  • after each number in letters or figures: douze˽instruments; 2˽bouteilles; 10˽€ ;

  • between an ordinal number (or a number) and the word to which it refers, whether the word comes after or before it: le 12e˽anniversaire; the xve˽siècle; page˽27; livre˽3; n°˽1 ;

  • in dates and times: mardi˽24˽janvier˽2023; 10˽ heures˽30; 10˽h˽30 ;

  • after degree, minute, second symbols: 37°˽21‘˽46’ latitude;

  • after abbreviations: no. ˽, vol. ˽, coll.˽, chap.˽, t.˽, ed.˽, p.˽; before the abbreviation: ˽dir., ˽etc.; between the abbreviation: op.˽cit.; abbreviations with internal space: apr.˽J.-C, p.˽ex.;

  • between the number of the note and the first word of the note: 5.˽Aragon, op. cit.;

  • between first names and surnames: Victor˽Hugo; between the article and the name of a work: La˽Beauté; and name of a newspaper: Le˽Monde;

  • after the number or letter identifying an item in an enumeration:

  • II.˽La typographie

Note calls

Note calls will be in continuous numbering, superscript Arabic numeral without brackets, placed immediately after the word. They always precede the punctuation mark.

Note references are placed after the closing inverted comma and before the punctuation following the closing inverted commas: xxxxxx «xxxxxxx»1.

On the other hand, at the end of a quotation and when the note concerns what is quoted between quotation marks, the footnote is placed before the closing quotation mark: As the author said « ce grand homme »1.

Example: J’écris l’article1. J’écris l’article1, J’écris l’article1 : J’écris l’article1 ; J’écris l’article1 ? J’écris l’article1 ! J’écris l’« article »1. « J’écris l’article. »1

Calls for notes prohibited (imperative for multi-media publishing):

  • in the title of a chapter or article;

  • after the author’s name in an article;

  • in a box, in the title/caption of an illustration or table, or in a table.

Notes are written in 11-point font. They should be inserted using Word’s automatic numbering. Under no circumstances should a note number be entered in the text and notes should be entered at the end of the document. They should be as concise as possible (short explanatory comment, etc.). Calls and notes should be composed by chapter or article.

Quotes

Quotations and long examples should be in font size 12 like the text, but indented by 1 cm on the left and spaced either continuously or by 1. They should be separated from the text by a blank line before and after, and without quotation marks.

Any break in a quotation must be indicated by [...]; similarly, any personal connection or comment must be placed in square brackets.

Italics are used to underline a passage in a quotation in roman. In this case, specify: « nous soulignons ».

nota bene: Bibliographical references appear in the main body of the text and not as footnotes.

The reference appears after the full stop, in brackets: (Author’s name, year of publication, page or pages):

Todo trabajo sobre el archivo debería recordar aquí lo que Derrida envía para pensar: ¿cómo la actividad de esta pulsión de muerte que habita el archivo trabaja silenciosamente hurtándonos a los historiadores el deseo de memoria y de transmisión? No hay posibilidad de historizar las formas de escritura de la historia fuera de una reflexión sobre el trabajo silencioso de la pulsión de muerte, del acto archivolítico. (Nava Murcia, 2012, p. 104)

Short quotations in the running text must be enclosed exclusively in French quotation marks (« J’écris l’article » ). Only a quotation within a quotation must be enclosed in English quotation marks (“etˮ).

The reference appears after the closing quotation mark and in brackets: (Author’s name, year of publication, page or pages):

The author states: « Le plagiat est un problème » (Dupont, 2014, p. 170).

For quotations in any other language than French or Spanish, quote in the original language in the body of the text and quote the translated version in the language of composition of the article in a footnote.

For quotations of verse, follow each verse with a ‘return’.

Reminder:

  • Any quotation introduced by a colon and forming a complete sentence ends with a full stop followed by the closing quotation mark: Comment le disait César en franchissant le Rubicon : « Le sort en est jeté. ».

  • Any quotation that fuses into the text and ends with a complete sentence ends with a full stop after the closing inverted comma: Amors ell pensa, comme Juliette Drouet, que ce jour était « Le plus pauvre anniversaire de ma pauvre naissance ».

  • In the case of a study of a particular author, there are often multiple references to his or her various works: in this case, it is essential to provide a code of abbreviations in the appendix: Abbreviations for works by Émile Zola :

  • N: Nana, [detailed references].

  • G: Germinal, [detailed references]. etc.

Paraphrase

In the case of a paraphrase or quotation of an idea, i.e. the reformulation or synthesis of an author’s idea, the so-called bibliographical reference appears as follows:

Dupont indique que le le plagiat est un problème (2014, p. 170).

When the name is cited in the text sentence:

Comme Dupont (2014) l’a montré, le plagiat représente un reel problème pour les universités (2014, p. 170 and pp. 172-173).

Bibliographic standards

Both the bibliographical references in the main text and the bibliographical references at the end of the article correspond to the APA bibliographical standards, seventh edition.

Bibliographical references

As indicated above in the sections ‘Quotes” and ‘Paraphrase’, the bibliographical references appear in the body of the text and not as footnotes. They follow APA standards, seventh edition.

Bibliographical references at the end of the article

Bibliographical references are placed at the end of the article after a ‘page break’.

Capitalise only the initials of surnames and forenames, the title and the publisher.

Book or monograph: Surname, first name initial (year). Title in italics. Publisher, possibly ‘Collection’:

Miró Quesada, A. (1978). Historia y Leyenda de Mariano Melgar. Ed. Cultura Hispana.

Collective work: Surname, first name initial; Surname, first name initial; and Surname, first name initial dirs. (year). Title. Publisher:

Lemardeley, M.-C.; Bonafous-Murat, C. and Topia, A. dirs. (2004). L’Inhumain, Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.

Book chapter: Surname, first name initial (year). Title of chapter or passage in roman. In Initial of first name and Last name of author (if different). Date. Title of book in italics (pp. range of pages). Publisher:

Sakoun, D. (2012). Cyborg and Cyberpunk. In E. Dorlin & E. Rodriguez dirs. Thinking with Donna Haraway (pp. 123-135). PUF.

Indicate if applicable: Consulted on (date), at (URL):

Kadir, D. (1984). Historia y novela: tramatización de la palabra. In R. González Echeverría compilador. Historia y ficción en la narrativa Hispanoamericana (pp. 297-307). Monte Ávila. Retrieved March 15, 2024, from http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php ?script =sci_arttext&pid =S0459-12832005000200001

Journal’s article: Surname, first name initial (year). Title of article in roman. Journal title in italics. Journal no., page range:

Barbot, J. (1999). L’engagement dans l’arène médiatique. Les associations de lutte contre le sida. Réseaux. Communication-Technologie-Société, 17(95), 155-196.

Article in a collective volume: Surname, first name initial (year). Title of article in Roman. In First Name Initial, Last Name, First Name Initial, Last Name dirs. Title in italics. Publisher, page(s):

Pagès, A. (2002). La postérité naturaliste : Emile Zola dans l’entre-deux-guerres. In J. L. Diaz, S. Michaud et M. Milner dirs. L’invention du XIXe siècle au miroir du XXe, Klincksieck/PSN, pp. 63-72.

Article from an online journal: Surname, first name initial (year). Title of article in roman. Journal title in italics, number, date. Accessed on (date), on (URL):

Villemur, F. (2006). La masculine, le féminin / Correcting nature. Images re-vues, 3. Accessed on 17 March 2024, at http://imagesrevues.revues.org/188.

Internet page: Surname, First name initial (Date). Title of document. Site name. Consulted on (date), at (URL):

Leterme, C. (2020, 14 February). Tout savoir sur la publication d’un article scientifique. Scribbr. Consulted on 2 March 2020, at https://www.scribbr.fr/article-scientifique/publication-article-scientifique/.

Abbreviations

- For pages, p. (pp. when there are several),

Example: p. 2, pp. 4-26

- For folios, fol. with the indication of the recto (r) or verso (v),

Example: fol. 14r or fol. 18v

- For verses, v. (even when there are several),

Example: v. 5, v. 34-48

- For volumes, vol.

Example: Dalarun J. dir. (2010). François d’Assise. Écrits, Vies, témoignages. Cerf, 2010, 2 vol.

- For chapters, chap.

Example: In J. Baschet, J. C. Bonne, P. O. Dittmar (2012). Le monde roman. Par-delà le bien et le mal. Arkhê. In particular chap. IV Hybridations..., pp. 139-181.

Do not confuse cit., in Roman type, which follows the title of a work already referenced, with op. cit. in italics, which follows the name of an author whose work is referenced only once in the text and notes.

To refer to an author and a title mentioned in an immediately preceding note, use the abbreviations: Id. and Ibid. or id. and ibid. (in italics).

To tell the reader to refer to what follows: voir. (in italics)

To indicate that the work cited was written by more than three authors: et al. (in italics)

To refer to a passage further up in the text: supra. (in italics)

To refer to a passage further on in the text: infra. (in italics)

Rechercher dans OpenEdition Search

Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search