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Introduction
The Roman double legionary fortress, Vetera castra, located near Xanten-Birten, today part of the UNESCO World Heritage ‘Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes’, was located in the early 20th century through small-scale archaeological trenches by the Bonn Provincial Museum (Hanel, 1995; Lehner, 1906; Lehner, 1930). Due to the area's predominantly agricultural use, it provides ideal conditions for non-invasive prospecting methods. The site has undergone regular aerial archaeological surveys since the early 1960s, with the first magnetometer measurements conducted in the 1970s (Scollar, 1965, 1984). A key development in understanding the site came from motorised geophysical prospection, which provided detailed insights not only into the internal structure of the Roman legionary fortress but also into the surrounding area. The multi-method approach utilised variou...
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