Bibliographie
P. Amandry, “ Marmara”, in L’antre corycien II, BCH Suppl. 9 (1984), p. 451.
P. Amandry, “La fête des Pythia”, PAA 65 (1991), pp. 279‑317.
P. Aupert, Le Stade, FD II (1979).
P. Aupert, “Le cadre des Jeux Pythiques”, in W. Coulson, H. Kyrieleis (eds.), Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Olympic Games (1992), pp. 67‑71.
J.‑J. Barthélémy, Voyage du jeune Anacharsis en Grèce, vers le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l’ère vulgaire (1832).
J.‑Fr. Bommelaer, Guide de Delphes. Le site (1991).
J.‑Fr. Bommelaer, D. Laroche, Guide de Delphes. Le site (2015).
N. Crowther, “Number of Contestants in Greek athletic contests”, Nikephoros 6 (1993), pp. 39‑52.
J. Davis, “The Origins of the Festivals, especially Delphi and the Pythia”, in S. Hornblower, C. Morgan (eds.), Pindar’s Poetry Patron and Festivals: From Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire (2007), pp. 47‑69.
W. Decker, “Zum Wagenrennen in Olympia. Probleme der Forschung”, in W. Coulson, H. Kyrieleis (eds.), Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Olympic Games (1992), pp. 129‑139.
W. Decker, “Zur Vorbereitung und Organization griechischer Agone”, Nikephoros 10 (1997), pp. 77‑102.
W. Decker, J.‑P. Thuillier, Le sport dans L’Antiquité (2004).
W. Decker, “Wagenrennen in römischen Aegypten”, in J. Neils Clement, J.‑M. Roddaz (eds.), Le cirque romain et son image (2008), pp. 347‑358.
W. Decker, Sport in der griechischen Antike. Vom minoischen Wettkampf bis zu den Olympischen Spielen (2012) Hildesheim 2.
H. Dodge, “Venues for Spectacle and Sport (other than Amphitheaters) in the Roman World”, in P. Christesen, D. Kyle (eds.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (2013), pp. 561‑577.
J. Ebert, “Neues zum Hippodrom und zu den hippischen Konkurenzen”, Nikephoros 2 (1989), pp. 89‑107.
Kl. Freitag, Der Golf von Korinth. Historisch-Topographische Untersuchungen von der Archaik bis in das 1. Jh. v. Chr (2001).
M. Golden, Sport in the ancient World from A to Z (2004), pp. 83‑84.
M.‑Chr. Hellmann, “Voyageurs et fouilleurs à Delphes”, in La redécouverte de Delphes (1992), pp. 14‑54.
M.‑Chr. Hellmann, “Charactères de l’épigraphie architecturale de Delphes”, in A. Jacquemin, Delphes, cent ans après la Grande Fouille, essai de bilan (2000), BCH Suppl. 36, pp. 167‑177.
Chr. Höcker, DNP 5 (1998), 584, s.v. “Hippodromos”.
J. H. Humphrey, Roman Circuses. Arenas for Chariot Racing (1986).
J. H. Humphrey,“ ‘Amphitheatrical’ Hippo-Stadia”, in A. Raban, K.G. Holum (eds.), Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospective after two Millennia (1996), pp. 121‑129.
K. Kourouniotis, PAE 1909, pp. 185‑200.
Ch. Kritzas, “Nouvelles inscriptions d’Argos : les archives des comptes du trésor sacré (ive siècle av. J.‑C.)”, CRAI 150 (2006), pp. 397‑434.
W. M. Leake, Travels in northern Greece II (1835).
J.‑M. Luce, “Le paysage delphique du xiie siècle à la fin du ve siècle av. J.‑C.”, CRAI 143 (1999), pp. 975‑995.
J.‑M. Luce, À la frontière du profane at du sacré. Fouilles de l’aire du pilier des Rhodiens (1990‑1992) (2008), FD II.
V. Mathé, “Coût et financement des stades et des hippodromes”, in Br. Le Guen (ed.), L’argent dans les concours du monde grec. Actes du colloque international, Saint Denis et Paris 5‑6 Déc. 2008 (2010), pp. 189‑223.
J. McInerney, The Folds of Parnassos. Land and Ethnicity in ancient Phokis (1999).
Th. Melissaris, Η Ιστορία της Αµφίσσης και των πέριξ κωµοπόλεων και χωρίων (1923).
S. G. Miller, Excavations at Nemea II. The early Hellenistic stadium (2001).
S. G. Miller, Νεµέα. Μουσείο και Αρχαιολογικός χώρος (2005).
S. G. Miller, “Excavations at Nemea, 1997‑2001”, Hesperia 84 (2015), pp. 277‑353.
J.‑Ch. Moretti, “Les courses de chars dans l’Orient grec”, in Chr. Landes (ed.), Le cirque et les courses de chars. Rome-Byzance, Catalogue de l’exposition Lattes (1990), pp. 21‑32.
D. Mulliez, “Οι Πυθικοί αγώνες. Η µαρτυρία των επιγραφών”, in R. Kolonia (ed.), Αρχαία θέατρα της Στερεάς Ελλάδας (2013), pp. 147‑154.
L. D. Myrick, “The Way Up and Down: Trace Horse and Turning Imagery in the Orestes Play”, CJ 89 (1994), pp. 131‑148.
V. Olivova, “Chariot Racing in the Ancient World”, Nikephoros 2 (1989), pp. 65‑88.
J. Oulhen, “Phokis”, in M. H. Hansen, T. H. Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (2004), pp. 399‑430.
J. Patrich, “Roman hippo-stadia. The ‘hippodrome’ of Gerasa Reconsidered in Light of the Herodian hippo-stadium of Caesarea Maritima”, Aram Periodical 23 (2011), pp. 211‑251.
S. Perrot, “Les premiers concours des Pythia”, Nikephoros 22 (2009), pp. 7‑13.
W. Petermandl, “Zur Länge der griechischen Pferderennbahn”, in J. Court, A. Müller, Chr. Wacker (eds.), Jahrbuch 2009 der Deutschen Gesselschaft für Geschichte des Sportwissenschaft e.V. (2011), pp. 37‑50.
W. Petermandl, Olympischer Pferdesport im Altertum. Die schriftliche Quellen (2013).
O. Picard, “Δελφοί και Πυθικοί αγώνες”, in O. Alexandri (ed.), Το Πνεύµα και το Σώµα. Οι αθλητικοί αγώνες στην αρχαία ΕλλάδαI (1989), pp. 68‑79.
H. Pomtow, “Hippokrates und die Asklepiaden in Delphi”, Klio 15 (1917‑1918), pp. 303‑338.
J. Pouilloux, “Travaux à Delphes à l’occasion des Pythia. Les comptes de Dion 247/6 ?”, in Études delphiques (1977), BCH Suppl. IV, pp. 103‑123.
B. Rieger, Von der Linie (gramme) zur Hysplex (2004), Nikephoros Beiheft 9.
N. Robertson, “The myth of the First Sacred War”, The Classical Quarterly 28 (1978), pp. 38‑73.
D. G. Romano, Athletics and Mathematics in Archaic Corinth. The Origins of the Greek Stadion (1993).
D. G. Romano, “Λύκαιον Όρος”, in A. Vlachopoulos (ed.), Αρχαιολογία. Πελοπόννησος (2012), pp. 266‑269.
D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis, “Mt Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project Part I. The Upper Sanctuary”, Hesperia 83 (2014), pp. 569‑652.
D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis, “Mt Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project Part II”, Hesperia 84 (2015), pp. 207‑276.
G. Rougemont, CID I. Lois sacrées et règlements religieux (1977).
D. Rousset, “Territoire de Delphes et terre d’Apollon”, in L’espace grec. 150 ans de fouilles de l’École francaise d’Athènes (1996), pp. 44‑49.
D. Rousset, Le territoire de Delphes et la terre d’Apollon (2002).
D. Rousset, “Terres sacrées, terres publiques et terres privées à Delphes”, CRAI 146 (2002), pp. 215‑241.
P. Schollmayer, Handbuch der antiken Architektur (2013).
M. Scott, “The social life of Greek athletic facilities other than stadia”, in P. Christesen, D. Kyle (eds), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (2013), pp. 295‑308.
R. R. R. Smith, “Pindar athletes and the early Greek statue habit”, in S. Hornblower, C. Morgan (eds.), Pindar’s Poetry, Patron and Festivals: From Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire (2007), pp. 83‑139.
A. Schmölder‑Veit, “Wagenrennen”, in R. Wünsche, Fl. Knauss (eds.), Lockender Lorbeer. Sport und Spiele in der Antike (2004).
J.‑Y. Strasser, “Pythionikai”. Recherches sur les vainqueurs aux Pythia de Delphes (2001).
H. Ulrichs, Reisen und Forschungen in Griechenland I. Reise über Delphi, durch Phokis und Boeotien bis Theben (1840).
P. Valavanis, Hysplex. The Starting Mechanism in Ancient Stadia. A Contribution to Ancient Greek Technology (1999).
P. Valavanis, “Βαλβίδες και Ύσπληγες του σταδίου της Ρόδου”, in Ρόδος 2400 χρόνια. Η πόλη της Ρόδου από την ίδρυσή της µέχρι την κατάληψη από τους Τούρκους (1523) (1999), pp. 95‑108.
P. Valavanis « O ιππόδροµος και τα δυτικά όρια της ιεράς χώρας των Δελφών », in P. Valavanis, J.‑Ch. Moretti (eds), Les hippodromes et les concours hippiques en Grèce ancienne, BCH Suppl. (in press).
R. Weir, Roman Delphi and its Pythian Games (= BAR Int. Series 1306) (2004).
Bibliographical Abbreviations
Decker 2012 = W. Decker, Sport in der griechischen Antike. Vom minoischen Wettkampf bis zu den Olympischen Spielen.
Ebert 1989 = J. Ebert, “Neues zum Hippodrom und zu den hippischen Konkurenzen”, Nikephoros 2, pp. 89‑107.
Hellmann 1992 = M.‑Chr. Hellmann, “Voyageurs et fouilleurs à Delphes”, in La redécouverte de Delphes, pp. 14‑54.
Humphrey 1986 = J. H. Humphrey, Roman Circuses. Arenas for Chariot Racing.
Rousset 2002 = D. Rousset, Le territoire de Delphes et la terre d’Apollon.
Haut de page
Notes
For the hippodrome of Olympia see Ebert 1989; W. Decker, “Zum Wagenrennen in Olympia. Probleme der Forschung”, in W. Coulson, H. Kyrieleis (eds.), Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Olympic Games (1992), pp. 134‑135; Decker 2012, pp. 143‑145.
J.‑Ch. Moretti, “Les courses de chars dans l’Orient grec”, in Chr. Landes (ed.), Le cirque et les courses de chars. Rome-Byzance, Catalogue de l’exposition Lattes (1990), pp. 22‑23; V. Olivova, “Chariot Racing in the Ancient World”, Nikephoros 2 (1989), pp. 65‑88; Decker 2012, pp. 142‑143.
For the ancient Greek hippodromes in general, see Humphrey 1986; Chr. Höcker, DNP 5 (1998), 584, s.v. “Hippodromos”; W. Decker, J.‑P. Thuillier, Le sport dans l’Antiquité (2004), pp. 103‑105; M. Golden, Sport in the ancient World from A to Z (2004), pp. 83‑84; Decker 2012, pp. 142‑145; P. Schollmayer, Handbuch der antiken Architektur (2013), pp. 138‑139. For the hippodrome of Mt. Lykaion see Paus. 8.38.5; K. Kourouniotis, PAE 1909, pp. 185‑190; D. G. Romano, “Λύκαιον Όρος”, in A. Vlachopoulos (ed.), Αρχαιολογία. Πελοπόννησος (2012), p. 269, fig. 518; D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis, “Mt. Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project Part I. The Upper Sanctuary”, Hesperia 83 (2014), pp. 569‑652, fig. 2; id., “Mt. Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project Part II”, Hesperia 84 (2015), pp. 245‑258. For the supposed hippodrome of Nemea, see S. G. Miller, Νεµέα. Μουσείο και Αρχαιολογικός χώρος (2005), pp. 132‑134; id., “Excavations at Nemea, 1997‑2001”, Hesperia 84 (2015), pp. 277‑353, esp. pp. 344‑348.
Humphrey 1986, p. 6.
M. Scott, “The social life of Greek athletic facilities other than stadia”, in P. Christesen, D. Kyle, A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (2013), pp. 295‑308, esp. p. 296.
Humphrey 1986, pp. 11‑12.
Ebert 1989, pp. 96‑98; W. Petermandl, “Zur Länge der griechischen Pferderennbahn”, in J. Court, A. Müller, Chr. Wacker (eds.), Jahrbuch 2009 der Deutschen Gesselschaft für Geschichte des Sportwissenschaft e.V. (2011), pp. 37‑50, esp. pp. 39‑42. See also the dimensions of the hippodrome on Mt. Lykaion (260 × 102 m): D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis (n. 3, 2015), pp. 245‑246, though located on a very mountainous place.
Humphrey 1986, p. 12; J.‑Ch. Moretti (n. 2), pp. 21‑32, esp. p. 21; A. Schmölder-Veit, “Wagenrennen”, in R. Wünsche, Fl. Knauss (eds.), Lockender Lorbeer. Sport und Spiele in der Antike (2004), p. 183; W. Petermandl (n. 7), p. 49.
For the introduction of the equestrian events in Pythia see O. Picard, “Δελφοί και Πυθικοί αγώνες”, in O. Alexandri (ed.), Το Πνεύµα και το Σώµα. Οι αθλητικοί αγώνες στην αρχαία Ελλάδα (1989), esp. pp. 73‑74; P. Amandry, “La fête des Pythia”, PAA 65 (1990), pp. 279‑317, esp. pp. 308‑309; J. Davis, “The Origins of the Festivals, especially Delphi and the Pythia”, in S. Hornblower, C. Morgan (eds.), Pindar’s Poetry, Patron and Festivals: From Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire (2007), pp. 47‑69; S. Perrot, “Les premiers concours des Pythia”, Nikephoros 22 (2009), pp. 7‑13.
Rousset 2002, p. 186 n. 701, p. 187 n. 704; W. Petermandl, Olympischer Pferdesport im Altertum. Die schriftliche Quellen (2013), pp. 36, 98, 107. The 7 of the 12 Pythian Odes of Pindar referred to the winners of equestrian events. An indirect reference to the Delphic Hippodrome is found in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, verse 269. See N. Robertson (n. 15), p. 42, n. 1.
L. D. Myrick, “The Way Up and Down: Trace Horse and Turning Imagery in the Orestes Play”, CJ 89 (1994), pp. 131‑148.
About the possibility of Pausanias’ visit to the hippodrome of Delphi, see the thoughts of P. Amandry, “Marmara”, in L’antre corycien II, BCH Suppl. IX (1984), p. 451, n. 14.
G. Rougemont, CID I. Lois sacrées et règlements religieux (1977), pp. 115‑118, who prefers to connect the word δρόµος with the stadion and not with the hippodrome. For the meaning of the word δρόµος, see W. Decker, “Zur Vorbereitung und Organization griechischer Agone”, Nikephoros 10 (1997), pp. 77‑102, esp. p. 101.
J. Pouilloux, “Travaux à Delphes à l’occasion des Pythia. Les comptes de Dion 247/6 ?”, in Études delphiques, BCH Suppl. IV (1977), pp. 103‑123; W. Decker (n. 13), pp. 99‑101; M.‑Chr. Hellmann, “Charactères de l’épigraphie architecturale de Delphes”, in A. Jacquemin (ed.), Delphes, 110 ans après la Grande Fouille, essai de bilan, BCH Suppl. 36 (2000), pp. 167‑177, esp. p. 171.
On the issue of the relation of the two ancient place-names Kirrha and Krissa, see N. Robertson, “The myth of the First Sacred War”, The Classical Quarterly 28 (1978), pp. 38‑73; J. McInerney, The Folds of Parnassos. Land and Ethnicity in ancient Phokis (1999), pp. 309‑312; Kl. Freitag, Der Golf von Korinth. Historisch-Topographische Untersuchungen von der Archaik bis in das 1. Jh. v.Chr., (2001), pp. 114‑135; Rousset 2002, pp. 32‑33, 43‑44, 64‑65; J. Oulhen, “Phokis” in M. H. Hansen, T. H. Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (2004), pp. 405, 419‑420.
For the Sacred Land of Delphi see Rousset 2002, pp. 165‑177, 183‑211; D. Rousset, “Terres sacrées, terres publiques et terres privées à Delphes”, CRAI 146 (2002), pp. 215‑241, esp. pp. 218‑228. For the ancient flora of the region see J. McInerney (n. 15), pp. 62‑65; J.‑M. Luce, “Le paysage delphique du xiie siècle à la fin du ve siècle av. J.‑C.”, CRAI 143 (1999), pp. 975‑995.
Hellmann 1992, pp. 14‑54.
P. Aupert, Le Stade, FD II (1979), p. 160; Hellmann 1992, p. 20. See the same confusion by W. Gell in 1801‑1802 in Hellmann 1992, p. 25.
J.‑J. Barthélémy, Voyage du jeune Anacharsis en Grèce, vers le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l’ère vulgaire (1832), pl. 23.
W. M. Leake, Travels in northern Greece II (1835), pp. 595‑596. Hellmann 1992, p. 28.
See for example a map of the French Army (1824) in Rousset 2002, fig. 24‑25. See also H. Pomtow, “Hippokrates und die Asklepiaden in Delphi”, Klio 15 (1917/8), pp. 303‑338.
H. Ulrichs, Reisen und Forschungen in Griechenland I. Reise über Delphi, durch Phokis und Boeotien bis Theben (1840), pp. 35‑112. Hellmann 1992, p. 39.
J.‑Fr. Bommelaer, Guide de Delphes. Le site (1991), p. 216. Cf. J.‑Fr. Bommelaer, D. Laroche, Guide de Delphes. Le site (2015), p. 33, 262; M.‑Chr. Hellmann, “Charactères de l’épigraphie architecturale de Delphes”, A. Jacquemin (ed.) (n. 14), pp. 167‑177, esp. p. 171.
D. Rousset, “Territoire de Delphes et terre d’Apollon”, in L’espace grec. 150 ans de fouilles de l’École française d’Athènes (1996), pp. 44‑49, esp. p. 49; D. Rousset (n. 16), p. 227; J.‑M. Luce, À la frontière du profane et du sacré. Fouilles de l’aire du pilier des Rhodiens (1990‑1992), FD II (2008), p. 357.
Rousset 2002, pp. 58, 187; J.‑M. Luce (n. 24), p. 357.
Th. Melissaris, Η Ιστορία της Αµφίσσης και των πέριξ κωµοπόλεων και χωρίων (1923), pp. 43, 60‑61.
Humphrey 1986, p. 6. Chr. Höcker (n. 3). The south point of the hill Glas, forming the NE part of the hippodrome is today totally destroyed by the modern quarry (fig. 3, 5). An idea of its form can be drawn from a photo by the French Army during the 1st World War (fig. 6).
S. G. Miller, Excavations at Nemea II. The early Hellenistic stadium (2001), pp. 12‑14, 25‑28.
Ebert 1989; W. Decker, J.‑P. Thuillier (n. 3), fig. 72; Decker 2012, p. 143, fig. 78.
In a future paper I will present a different aspect on the exact borders of the sacred land to the Locrian territory, contrary to the current belief. P. Valavanis « O ιππόδροµος και τα δυτικά όρια της ιεράς χώρας των Δελφών », in P. Valavanis, J.‑Ch. Moretti (eds), Les hippodromes et les concours hippiques en Grèce ancienne, BCH Suppl. (in press). For the current opinions on the border of the Sacred Land, see D. Rousset (n. 24, 1996); Rousset 2002, pp. 94‑98, 171‑175; D. Rousset (n. 16), passim; J.‑M. Luce (n. 24), p. 354.
Luce (apud Rousset 2002, p. 58, n. 306) speaks for a depth of about 1 m between modern and ancient surface in other places of the plain.
For this research s. Chronique des fouilles en ligne no 5102/2015.
D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis (n. 3), p. 251.
Kourouniotis (n. 3), pp. 185‑190. For a restoration sketch of the turning posts in Mt. Lykaion see D. G. Romano, M. Voyatzis (n. 3), pp. 248‑250.
For the about 350 known winners of the Pythian Games see P. Amandry (n. 9), pp. 310‑314; J.‑Y. Strasser, ‘Pythionikai’. Recherches sur les vainqueurs aux Pythia de Delphes (2001); D. Mulliez, “Οι Πυθικοί αγώνες. Η µαρτυρία των επιγραφών”, in R. Kolonia (ed.), Αρχαία θέατρα της Στερεάς Ελλάδας (2013), pp. 147‑154, esp. pp. 150‑151.
Latest bibliography on the Delphic Charioteer, R. R. R. Smith, “Pindar athletes and the early Greek statue habit”, in S. Hornblower, C. Morgan (eds.), Pindar’s Poetry, Patron and Festivals: From Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire (2007), pp. 83‑139, esp. pp. 126‑130.
For the supposed starting mechanism of the Delphic hippodrome see Ch. Kritzas, “Nouvelles inscriptions d’Argos : les archives des comptes du trésor sacré (ive siècle av. J.‑C.)”, CRAI 150 (2006), pp. 397‑434, esp. p. 415, n. 53; V. Mathé, “Coût et financement des stades et des hippodromes”, in Br. Le Guen (ed.), L’argent dans les concours du monde grec. Actes du colloque international Saint Denis et Paris 5‑6 Déc. 2008 (2010), pp. 189‑223, esp. p. 196.
About the dimensions of the hippodrome in Olympia see above n. 7. A pythic stadion was a little shorter than the olympic.
W. Petermandl (n. 7), pp. 37‑50.
Humphrey 1986, pp. 11‑12; D. G. Romano, Athletics and Mathematics in Archaic Corinth. The Origins of the Greek Stadion (1993), pp. 95‑101; W. Decker, “Wagenrennen in römischen Aegypten”, in J. Neils Clement, J.‑M. Roddaz (eds.), Le cirque romain et son image (2008), pp. 347‑358, esp. p. 350; Decker 2012, pp. 143, 145.
See a relevant situation in the stadia of Priene, Delos and in the initial phase of the stadium of Delphi. P. Aupert, “Le cadre des Jeux Pythiques”, in W. Coulson, H. Kyrieleis (eds.), Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Olympic Games (1992), pp. 67‑71, esp. p. 67.
S. G. Miller (n. 28), pp. 25‑28.
Ebert 1989; Decker 2012, p. 145. For the number of contestants in the equestrian events see N. Crowther, “Number of Contestants in Greek athletic contests”, Nikephoros 6 (1993), pp. 39‑52.
See above p. 627 and n. 13.
S. G. Miller, Νεµέα. Μουσείο και Αρχαιολογικός χώρος (2005), pp. 134‑136; S. G. Miller, “Excavations at Nemea, 1997‑2001”, Hesperia 84 (2015), pp. 277‑353, esp. pp. 335‑344.
See above p. 628.
For the relation between the hippodrome and the archaic stadium of Delphi see P. Aupert, Le Stade, FD II (1979), pp. 54, 164‑165; B. Rieger, Von der Linie (gramme) zur Hysplex, Nikephoros Beiheft 9 (2004), p. 185‑186. More on the issue, P. Valavanis (n. 30).
For the hippo‑stadia in the Antiquity see J. H. Humphrey, “ ‘Amphitheatrical’ Hippo-Stadia”, in A. Raban, K. G. Holum (eds.), Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospective after two Millennia (1996), pp. 121‑129; P. Valavanis, Hysplex. The Starting Mechanism in Ancient Stadia. A Contribution to Ancient Greek Technology (1999), pp. 91‑95; P. Valavanis, “Βαλβίδες και Ύσπληγες του σταδίου της Ρόδου”, in Ρόδος 2400 χρόνια. Η πόλη της Ρόδου από την ίδρυσή της µέχρι την κατάληψη από τους Τούρκους (1523) (1999), pp. 95‑108, esp. pp. 106‑108; W. Decker, (n. 40), pp. 347‑358, esp. p. 350; J. Patrich, “Roman hippo-stadia. The ‘hippodrome’ of Gerasa Reconsidered in Light of the Herodian hippo-stadium of Caesarea Maritima”, Aram Periodical 23 (2011), pp. 211‑251; H. Dodge, “Venues for Spectacle and Sport (other than Amphitheaters) in the Roman World”, in P. Christesen, D. Kyle (eds.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (2013), pp. 561‑577, esp. p. 562.
R. Weir, Roman Delphi and its Pythian Games (= BAR Int. Series 1306) (2004), p. 15. Cf. J.‑M. Luce (n. 24), p. 357.
There is a possibility that during the long history of the area the exact borders of the sacred land could have changed. But the hippodrome remained a permanent landmark strongly indicating the presence of the sanctuary in the plain.
Haut de page