Acknowledgments
The paper is partly based on data obtained during two ongoing survey projects: Medieval Urban Landscape in Northesatern Mesopotamia (MULINEM), directed by the author, and Archaeological Survey of Koya Project (ASK), directed by Dr. Cinzia Pappi (Freie Universität Berlin). I am grateful to Dr. Pappi for her kind approval of the publication of the preliminary information about the research, and to Dr. Haidar Laskhry, Koya University, for encouraging me to enter into the regional historical discussion. Furthermore, I warmly thank my colleagues Hemin N. Kawes and Narmin A. Amin, who provided me with diverse unpublished information, and two anonymous reviewers who helped me to refine my argumentation in some points. Both projects are constantly supported by the General Directorate of Antiquities in Kurdistan, represented by Mr. Kaify Ali, the Directorate of Antiquities in Erbil and its director Mr. Nader Babakr, and the Inspectorate of Antiquities Kirkuk, headed by Mr. Aya...