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  <channel rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao">
    <title>Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (BIFAO)</title>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao</link>
    <description>Revue d’égyptologie – Journal focused on Egyptology – Zeitschrift für Ägyptologie</description>        
    <items>    
      <rdf:Seq>      
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19483" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19322" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/17586" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19212" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19118" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18950" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18865" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18649" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18568" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18445" />
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  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19483">
    <title>Variation vis-à-vis Standardization: Investigating the Writings of Ỉmn, pr-ʿȝ and wȝḥ-mw in Theban Abnormal Hieratic and Early Demotic Documents</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">This paper deals with the difference between two scribal traditions, abnormal hieratic and early demotic, in terms of palaeography. These two distinct scripts were used side by side to write administrative and legal documents in Thebes for a period during the second half of the Saite 26th Dynasty, interacting with and influencing each other. The study focuses on the variation and standardization in abnormal hieratic and early demotic through a detailed comparison of how <em>Ỉmn</em>,<em> pr-ʿȝ</em> and <em>wȝḥ-mw</em> were written in Theban administrative and legal documents of the 25th and 26th Dynasties. The aim of this article is to analyze the forms of these words and to trace their writings through the earlier palaeographical stages, not simply to classify them but rather to explore the factors influencing them. Six main forms of abnormal hieratic <em>pr-ʿȝ</em> have been used in contrast to the standardized form deployed by the early demotic scribes to write this title. Furthermore, the study provides a prelimin...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Ali Hamdy Abu Hamed</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19483</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19322">
    <title>The Ceiling Inscriptions of the Transverse Hall of TT 84 in their Spatial-Material Context, Part I: The Bands Inscribed in Two Stages</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">The present paper represents the first part of a detailed, multidimensional analysis of the six long ceiling bands of the transverse hall of Theban tomb no. 84 (TT 84), a tomb originally built for Iamunedjeh, first royal herald under the reign of Thutmose III. It offers a new edition of the inscriptions in the west and east bands of the south wing as well as in the east band of the north wing and reveals epigraphic and compositional evidence that speaks for a double-stage execution of these ceiling bands. The study examines the clues that shed light on the strong intertextual relations between these inscriptions and the ceiling texts of several other early and mid-18th-Dynasty Theban tombs—TT 82, TT 18, TT 99, and TT 96A in particular. This case study—together with its forthcoming second part—highlights the importance of complementing philological investigations with the analysis of the spatial-material and socio-cultural contexts when studying ancient Egyptian texts.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Julianna Paksi</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19322</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/17586">
    <title>The ‘lost tombs’ of Naqada: 735 assemblages reconstructed from Petrie’s archival material and a new look at a long-known cemetery site</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">The site of the ‘Main Cemetery’ of Naqada, north of Luxor, has yielded significant material remains that provide insights into this culture, which played a vital role in the early development of Egyptian civilization in the fourth millennium BCE. Unfortunately, of the 1918 tombs listed by W.M.F. Petrie during his excavation of the site, only 138 were described in the 1896 publication. This article aims to reinvestigate 735 tombs from this cemetery, which most were thought to be empty or for which most data was lost (not represented in the field notebooks preserved in the Petrie Museum, London), through extensive work on Petrie’s archival material, original publication, recently rediscovered pottery lists, and artifacts known in museums. This first sample is published here as an interim result of the project and will be made available in an online database. The reassessment revealed that the studied assemblages contain many additional artifacts, they could now be dated or their previ...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Axelle Brémont</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Amany elNaggar</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Nader el-Hassanin</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Marwa Abdel Razek</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Bardis Samir</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Wafaa Hamza</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Cinderella Mannan</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Nancy Abdelaziz</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Taichi Kuronuma</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Chloé Girardi</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/17586</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19212">
    <title>Intra-Ecclesial Interments and the Notion of ‘Privilege’ in Early Christianity: Oasis Magna as a Case-Study</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">Intra-ecclesial interments were a common feature of the physical religious landscape of late antiquity. Likely having started already by the third century, such burials are archaeologically traceable predominantly from the fifth century, after having grown in popularity during the course of the fourth. These interments existed in several forms—pit-graves in church floors, in sarcophagi or loculi in crypts or hypogea which were often, but not exclusively, in the area of the altar, as well as in annexed funerary chapels. Although there are numerous archaeological attestations throughout Egypt, details of the phenomenon, such as to who these burial contexts were available, remain ambiguous. The practice is often explained simply as a privilege, understood as having been awarded to important religious figures, correlating with the cult of saints. There are indeed instances of such burials having belonged to holy figures of more or less renown, including saints and bishops, but numerous ...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Rhiannon Williams</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19212</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19118">
    <title>The (Re)Discovery of a Mummy Board from Deir el-Medina: Insights into Late Ramesside White-Type Mummy Boards</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">This paper explores the (re)discovery of a mummy board from Deir el-Medina in the ­on-site storerooms. Its white lower section, devoid of iconography, represents a rare type of late New Kingdom mummy board, which coexisted with the more traditional type featuring iconography across the entire surface. By comparing the mummy board with additional covers from Deir el-Medina and other Theban necropolises, which share similar characteristics, it sheds light on decorative practices of the time, addressing a previously overlooked type of object. Furthermore, the analysis of the titulary of individuals associated with these materials provides insights into socio-cultural dynamics and the potential influence of social status on funerary decorative solutions. This study contributes to expanding the understanding of Egyptian funerary practices during the late New Kingdom.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Jaume Vilaró-Fabregat</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/19118</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18950">
    <title>Tutankhamun’s ‘Interpreter of Babylonian’ Pakana and His Memphite Tomb-Stela in Context</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">This paper publishes the tomb and stela of Pakana, excavated at Saqqara by the Egyptian archaeological expedition of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002–2003. The stela can be dated to the post-Amarna period (reign of Tutankhamun) on stylistic grounds. The owner of the stela held two titles-of-office. He was ‘interpreter of the Lord of the Two Lands’ and ‘interpreter of the &#60;language of&#62; Sangar (Babylonia)’. The title ‘interpreter of Babylonian (Akkadian)’ is unique. This paper assesses the title and evaluates its implications in the context of the late 18th Dynasty. At the king’s palace, international diplomatic relations and the production of luxury goods were closely intertwined. Pakana personifies both worlds: he shares his stela with the goldsmith Paraemheb, possibly his father (Kanya alias Pakharu, ‘the Syrian’), and built his tomb chapel in a section of the North Saqqara plateau occupied by producers of luxury goods—all royal court officials.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Mohammad M. Youssef</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Nico Staring</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18950</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18865">
    <title>New Papyri from Bab el Gusus? The Prosopography and Provenience of Papyrus HM 84123</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">A Book of the Dead papyrus in the Huntington Library belonged to a woman who was a “singer of Amun” (<em>šmʿ.t n Ỉmn</em>) named Taaatemperamun (<em>Tȝ-ʿȝ.t-m-pr-Ỉmn</em>). A working hypothesis is presented that she may be the same person who owned the Amduat papyrus Cairo S.R.VII.10242 (written <em>Tȝ-ʿȝ.(t)-(m)-pr-Ỉmn</em>), thereby potentially identifying the missing manuscript from the commonly attested set of Book of the Dead and Amduat papyri found in mortuary assemblages of the Twenty-First Dynasty during the Third Intermediate Period. In the course of discussing the evidence for this working hypothesis, an argument is made that previous proposals for identifying four separate personal names (<em>ȝs.t</em>, <em>ȝsty</em>, <em>Tȝ-ʿȝ.</em>(<em>t</em>)<em>-Ỉmn</em>, and <em>Tȝ-ʿȝ.t-m-pr-Ỉmn</em>) as belonging to a single individual should be rejected. In reassessing these claims, the most recent research suggests that the assemblages in which their manuscripts were discovered had been configured in an ad hoc fashion in antiquity. Thus, this article argues th...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Foy D. Scalf</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18865</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18649">
    <title>Papyrus Turin 55001 Revisited</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">Papyrus Museo Egizio Turin 55001 (Cat. 2031) is a composition that consists only of illustrations. The papyrus may be dated to the Nineteenth Dynasty (reign of Ramesses II) on the basis of its layout, artistic style, and representations. It likely originated from the milieu of the Hathor Temple at Deir el-Medina, and was later kept in an archive there. It is often misleadingly designated as the Turin Satirical-Erotic Papyrus and interpreted as a sort of comic pornography for private enjoyment. However, as shown by the evidence drawn together here, the images on this papyrus form a visual narrative connected to the cosmo-geographic theme of the arrival of the annual inundation in Egypt with the Distant Goddess and the celebrations of fertility and renewal that accompanied this life-affirming event. It was probably used during the midsummer festivities when Hathor, the Eye of Ra, came in from the desert to the valley flood plain of the Nile on the west bank at Thebes, including drunke...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Cynthia May Sheikholeslami</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18649</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18568">
    <title>L’association du dieu Shed avec Isis et Horus dans une stèle de Giza du Nouvel Empire (Grand Egyptian Museum 18383/Caire JE 72289)</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">Cet article propose d’étudier la stèle du Grand Egyptian Museum 18383/Caire JE 72289 consacrée aux dieux Shed, Isis et Horus. À partir de cette stèle, cet article examine les différentes attestations du dieu Shed au Nouvel Empire, généralement sous forme d’enfant, associées à la présence d’Isis, en tant que « mère du dieu », ainsi qu’à une forme hiéracocéphale et adulte du dieu Horus. Shed, protecteur des individus contre les animaux dangereux et plus particulièrement contre les scorpions et les serpents, est rapidement remplacé par Horus-Shed (ou Horus-le-Sauveur), notamment dans les stèles dites d’« Horus sur les crocodiles » du I<sup>er</sup> millénaire av. n. è. Une ambiguïté règne sur le statut de ces deux entités divines et sur leur rôle respectif. Cet article vise ainsi à éclairer leur trajectoire commune à partir de la documentation du Nouvel Empire.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Giuseppina Lenzo</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18568</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18445">
    <title>Un instrument d’étude des objets méroïtiques et post-méroïtiques dans les inventaires du Musée égyptien du Caire. Bilan d’un programme pluriannuel de documentation</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">Cet article présente les résultats d’une série de missions effectuées au Musée égyptien du Caire entre 2018 et 2022 dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Répertoire d’iconographie méroïtique (18232) » de l’Ifao. Elles visaient à recenser les objets méroïtiques et postméroïtiques des collections publiques égyptiennes grâce aux inventaires disponibles sur place, notamment la base de données du Musée égyptien du Caire et le <em>Journal d’entrée</em>. <br />Le contexte historique et les intentions du projet sont d’abord rappelés, puis les différentes sources d’informations sont décrites avec leur complémentarité. Le corpus obtenu est ensuite rapidement décrit par quelques statistiques sur la provenance, la datation et la typologie des objets, avec des pistes de recherche ultérieures. Enfin, le choix du mode de publication du corpus est explicité, ainsi que les moyens pour tous d’accéder aux données et de les réutiliser.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Camille Labia</dc:creator> 
    <dc:creator>Faïza Drici</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/bifao/18445</link>
    <dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
  </item>
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