Understanding genetic adaptation of Asian populations to their environment
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1Positive selection drives the spread of advantageous mutations in populations, contributing to phenotypic diversity across species. While many studies uncovered examples of human local adaptation, they mostly focused on Western European and Eastern Asian populations. This has left little knowledge about human genetic adaptation in other areas of Asia, such as Northern, Central and South-East Asia. Yet, there is an important cultural and geographical variability across these populations, and in humans, cultural practices and climatic constraints are known to result in local adaptation events. To address this gap, we studied a large genomic dataset of 894 individuals from 27 diverse Asian populations. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of adaptive pressures across the entire Asian continent, further incorporating publicly available genomes from East Asia and South Asia. Using integrated Haplotype Scores, we conducted genome-wide scans for selection and investigated the most prominent signals shared across the Asian continent. We further specifically quantified the relative importance of climatic and dietary variability in driving local adaptation. We then explored the role of climatic and dietary variations in local adaptation processes. Our analysis identified novel genomic regions under selection, associated with climate variations. Finally, we examined the distribution of previously identified selection signals (ADH, EDAR, MC1R, etc.) to understand their geographic delimitations at the continental level.
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Johanne Adam, Romain Laurent, Nina Marchi, Raphaëlle Chaix, Evelyne Heyer et Laure Ségurel, « Understanding genetic adaptation of Asian populations to their environment », Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris [En ligne], 37(S) | 2025, mis en ligne le 16 janvier 2025, consulté le 13 février 2025. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/bmsap/14494 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/133nk
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