A 3D morphometric approach to endocast integration in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens
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1Neuroanatomical integration studies aim to analyse the interaction of the different brain regions. The skull and brain morphology of Hominidae presents a series of integration patterns and, one of the keys to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of our genus is to identify and quantify if these integration patterns are shared or species-specific. Delving into studies about neuroanatomical integration is crucial because of the complex interaction of bones and brain on the whole system. The aim of this work is to quantify the covariation patterns of the different brain lobes in Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes. The main goal is to detect shared or species-specific integration patterns that can later be applied to extinct Hominin species. We conducted a Procrustes-based 3DGMM study on the endocast surface of a sex-balanced sample of 40 adult individuals of both species. We have defined 5 bilateral regions (cerebellum, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes), using 39 landmarks, 125 curves and 498 surface sliding semi-landmarks. To establish the integration patterns, we used the two-block partial least squares (PLS) method pooled by species. This enabled us to obtain a RV coefficient covariation matrix. To explore shared or species-specific patterns, we explored the slope of the PLS1 scores through a Bootstrap estimation of 95% confidence interval of the slope in each species. The results obtained show that each of the 5 brain structures show significant covariation in both species. The RVs range from 0.3-0.6 and each one shows a p-value of <0.0001, suggesting that the entire brain works like an integral functional system. Note that, after exploring the slopes of the lobes covariation by species, it suggests that this covariation is shared. Therefore, these shared morphological patterns will be very useful to explore integration and modularity patterns in fossil human species.
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Alfredo Suesta, Daniel García-Martínez, Lou Albessard, Mario Modesto-Mata, Antonietta Del Bove, Carlos Lorenzo et Dominique Grimaud-Hervé, « A 3D morphometric approach to endocast integration in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens », Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris [En ligne], 34(S) | 2022, mis en ligne le 31 décembre 2021, consulté le 20 mai 2025. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/bmsap/9282 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/bmsap.9282
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