III-14 | 2023
Une culture de la précision : les cercles méridiens aux XIXe et XXe siècles
Circles of Precision: Meridian Circles during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Edited by Daniel Belteki, Julien Gressot, Loïc Jeanson and Jean Davoigneau
Meridian circles were tools of science, state and empire. Besides being used for astro-nomical observations, the by-products of observations made also had more utilitarian purposes applicable to commerce, transportation, industry and the expansion of em-pires. While meridian circles were created with the aim of producing spatial and temporal uniformity, observatories adopted different assemblages and configurations for their instruments. This issue brings together for the first time a variety of contributions to explore the material and social history of meridian circles. It deploys the concept assem-blage to connect the different historical approaches together and to re-assemble the long history of the instrument.
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Dossier
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Introduction. Reconstituer l’histoire des cercles méridiens
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“Tout cela est énorme, massif, écrasant” : les instruments centraux des observatoires aux yeux de la presse quotidienne française, 1803-1875
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Circles, Clocks, Ships, and Wires: Meridian Circles within Innovative Assemblages in 19th-Century America [Full text]Cercles, horloges, bateaux et câbles : les cercles méridiens dans les assemblages innovants aux États-Unis au xixe siècle ?
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Les crimes des instruments astronomiques et leur panopticon à l'Observatoire royal de Greenwich au milieu du dix-neuvième siècle
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La société Repsold comme acteur mondial : du premier cercle méridien en 1802 au système informatisé moderne en 1967
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Améliorer les mesures méridiennes à l’Observatoire de Paris, un lent assemblage de précision [Full text]Meridian Measurement at Paris Observatory, Assembling Precision over Time
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Le cercle méridien Reichenbach & Ertel à l’observatoire de Tartu : les temps forts de l’histoire d’un instrument vieux de 200 ans
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A Review of the Transit Circles used at Sydney and Melbourne Observatories from 1835 to 1970 [Full text]Un examen des cercles de transit utilisés aux observatoires de Sydney et de Melbourne de 1835 à 1970
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Astrométrie de cercle méridien au U. S. Naval Observatory
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Manufacturing the Ertel & Sohn Meridian Circle of the Neuchâtel Observatory (1858-1861): Between Scientific Needs, Technical Possibilities and Economic-Political Constraints
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The Repsold Meridian Circle of Strasbourg: Analysis of the Location Within the New Observatory of the Imperial University
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The Successive Lives of the Rigaud N°2 Portable Meridian Circle
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Glossaire / Glossary [Full text]
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Varia
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Les lanternes publiques, exosquelette de la « machine » policière (Paris, xviiie siècle) [Full text]The Street Lanterns, Exoskeleton of the Police “Machine”
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