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Typographical charter

I. Files to be supplied

1/ The file containing the complete article (text + any illustrations and tables in place)

The file is named "AuthorName.doc" and saved in Word format.

Indicate in the text file the presence of special characters (Greek for example) by highlighting them in a bright colour.

The location of any illustrations should be indicated in the text file to allow for layout work. Their desired size can be specified next to the caption in the text (do not forget to ask for and pay for reproduction rights, if necessary).

2/ The original illustration files

Any illustrations are stored in a folder called: "AuthorName_images".

The image will bear the name of the illustration reference (for example "Figure 1" for figure 1).

II. Illustrations

1/ Images, photos, graphics, etc.

Illustrations, if any, should be numbered continuously from 1. To refer to an illustration in the text, write "Illustration n" and not "ill. n".

Images, photos: images should be in high resolution TIFF or JPG format: at least 300 dpi.

2/ Tables

Any tables must be created in Word in the text file.

III. Structure of the article

1/ Authors are invited to paginate their article ("insertion" tab / "page number")

2/ The font is " new roman ". The line spacing is 1

  • text: 12 pt;

  • long theoretical or literary quotation (more than 2 lines): 10 pt, reduced justification;

  • footnotes: 10 pt.

IV. Typing standards

1/ Do not forget the non-breaking space

  • before: ? and !

  • in front of double punctuation marks: : ; » –

  • after : «

2/ Capital letters are accentuated

ENCYCLOPÉDIE and not ENCYCLOPEDIE (tab "Insert"/"symbols or "special characters"; or tab "office button"/"Word options" (bottom right)/"check" and check "accented capitals in French").

3/ Type in italics (not bold or underlined)

  • words that you wish to emphasise exceptionally;

  • Latin expressions and foreign words;

  • titles of books or works of art.

4/ Titles of books, publications and newspapers

- If the title does not begin with a definite article, the initial word alone is capitalized. Ex:

Une histoire des médias ; À la recherche de Ferdinand de Saussure.

- If the title begins with a definite article, then the first noun and the adjectives and adverbs preceding it are capitalized. E.g.: Le Grand Chemin de l'immigration; Les Institutions de la monarchie française à l'époque moderne.

Except in the following cases:

  • when it constitutes a sentence, no word is capitalized except the initial word. E.g.: Les journalistes sont-ils crédibles ?

  • when it is the title of an article or a specialized work, no word is capitalized except the initial word.

  • When the title contains an opposition or symmetry, each term in opposition or parallel is capitalized. E.g.: La Nuit, le Jour ; L’Humour et la Honte ; Guerre et Paix.

5/ Names of political parties, trade unions, places, companies, radio or television stations must appear in Roman characters, even in foreign languages

6/ Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms should be written in capital letters. It is now common practice to omit full stops between letters: SNCF and not S.N.C.F. However, Puf should be written.

Abbreviations remain in lower case in most cases (vol. IV, t. 3, n° 5 and not Vol. 4, T. III, N°V).

Some common abbreviations to be respected:

  • 1er, 1ers, 1re, 2e, 9e and not 1ier, 1ère, 2ème, 9ème

  • xive siècle (small capitals: "home"/"Aa"/minuscules/then "font"/check "small caps")

  • Chap. and not ch.

  • éd. (publisher, edition)

  • etc., not etc...

  • vol. for volume

  • t. for volume (in French, "tome")

  • coll. for series

  • fasc. for fascicle

  • fo for folio

  • no for number (and nos for numbers)

  • p. for page and also p. for several pages

  • tr. fr. for French translation

  • sq. for and following

  • apr. for after

Decades should not be abbreviated. We write: les années 1920, 1930, 1940…

V. Page layout

Use indents to distinguish paragraphs easily.

Do not use bullets, but rather cadratins and semi-cadratins.

Long theoretical quotations or quotations from a literary work should be easily identifiable (smaller size than the rest of the text and reduced justification).

VI. Quotations

Quotations should be entered in Roman type, not in italics.

Any deletions or cuts in a quotation must be indicated by [...], as must any personal comments.

The first name of the authors quoted in the body of the text must appear in full, at least on the first occasion and at the beginning of the sentence.

If foreign quotations appear in the manuscript, respect the typographical rules of the country concerned and type them in roman, but frame them with « French » inverted commas.

1/ Short quotation (less than 2 lines): in Roman characters (straight) and in inverted commas, in the body of the text

It is essential to choose « French » inverted commas, as shown here. For “English” inverted commas, used only for quotations within quotations, make a distinction between opening and closing. In all other cases, including foreign language texts, use French inverted commas and ban all other forms.

  • The beginning of the quotation is merged into the text, but it ends in a complete sentence (full stop outside). E.g.: Mme Lepic compare les cheveux de Poil de Carotte à des « baguettes de tambour. Il userait un pot de pommade tous les matins si on lui en donnait ».

  • The quotation begins with a complete sentence; it is introduced by a colon if it follows the text; its first word then takes an initial capital (full stop inside). E.g.: Deux siècles avant notre ère, le poète Térence affirmait : « Je suis un homme et rien de ce qui est humain ne m’est étranger. »

2/ Long theoretical or literary quote (more than 2 lines)

It must be isolated (return to line, reduced justification), appear in a smaller body than the rest of the text (10 pt.) and will not include inverted commas.

The footnote should be placed before the final punctuation.

Any quotation of more than 10 lines, taken from a work less than 70 years old post mortem, may be subject to reproduction rights. The author must have approached the publisher(s) concerned, paid the reproduction rights and attached the reproduction authorisation to the manuscript.

3/ Quotation references

The reference has its own punctuation if the quotation is within inverted commas:

- « Quelle terre serait assez nouvelle à ma pensée pour l’étonner ? » (Vigny, Journal d’un poète.)

But :

- Montaigne nous fera remarquer que ne constitue pas la vraie connaissance ce qui n’a pas été « digéré » et « regorgé comme on l’a avalé » (p. 257).

VII. Bibliographical references

1/ Basic principles

Each journal uses a specific system of bibliographic references, either "American style" or "French style": we must ensure that we respect their standards by harmonising references within the same journal. The Courrier Blaise Pascal uses the French system, i.e. in footnotes.

Number them continuously (from the beginning to the end of the contribution) and add a full stop to each one.

The footnote call: this is placed before any punctuation mark. Examples:

  • It is always placed like this5.

  • How should I place this call for a note9?

  • As long as I place this note call correctly1...

  • Thus: "Place this note call correctly6."

  • Someone said that your "note call7 " was not placed correctly.

  • When the note refers to a group of quotations, the call is placed outside the last closing inverted comma and before the full stop. e.g.: This delimitation is the result of a greater concern for his "mood", "character" or "temperament "10.

2/ Bibliographic standards

First name Last name, "Title of the article", Title of the book, collection or journal (possibly date of the first edition), place of publication, publisher, "collection", date of publication, possible mention of the edition.

Please note:

  • As each journal has its own system of bibliographic references, please use the system followed by the journal - full first name before the author's name.

  • The name of the city must always be in French (Florence and not Firenze).

3/ Examples of desired wording

- Example of an entry referring to a book:

Jean Carbonnier, Sociologie juridique (1978), Paris, Puf, « Quadrige », 2004.

- Example of an entry referring to a journal article:

Jean-Pierre Lebreton, « Les particularités de la juridiction administrative », Revue de droit public, 1983, n° 2, pp. 419-453.

Notes: the title of the article is in Roman numerals between inverted commas, the name of the journal is in italics, followed by the year of publication and the number in the series, then the beginning and end pages of the passage.

- Example of an entry referring to a collective work:

Pascal Engel, « Les normes de la pensée sont-elles des normes sociales ? », in Raymond Boudon, Pierre Demeulenaere, Riccardo Viale (dir.), L'Explication des normes sociales, Paris, Puf, « Sociologies », 2001, p. 238 sq.

Notes: (dir.) means 'under the direction of'; the Latin abbreviation sq., in italics, can be replaced by « et suivantes ».

The mention "in" appears in italics before the name of the authors and in roman before the title of the work, to avoid any ambiguity.

4/ Foreign language references

References in foreign languages must comply with the bibliographic presentation standard of the language concerned; thus, in English and German, the titles of articles and books are capitalized on nouns, verbs and adjectives, and the abbreviation (ed.), without accent and in Roman, means "under the direction of". No space before double punctuation in English and Spanish.

5/ In the case of a translated work

Martin Heidegger, Unterwegs Zur Sprache, Pfullingen, Verlag Günther Neske [1959]; trans.

J. Beaufret, W. Brokmeier, F. Fédier, Acheminement vers la parole, Paris, Gallimard, 1976.

Emmanuel Kant, Projet de paix perpétuelle (1795), trad. fr. J. Gibelin, Paris, Vrin, 1975.

6/ In the case where a work was written by two authors

Separate the two authors’ names with a comma.

7/ Internet resource

https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html  Site consulted in June 2011.

8/ Conference or meeting proceedings

Henriette Walter, « Toponymie, histoire et linguistique : l’invasion franque en Gaule », dans les Actes du XIIIe Colloque international de linguistique fonctionnelle, Corfou, 1986. Paris, SILF, 1987.

9/ Thesis

Patrick Kae-Nune, « Caractérisation par spectrométrie de masse des radicaux des mécanismes de dépôt dans des décharges de silane, méthane et hydrogène », thèse de doctorat de l’Université de Paris 6, 17 octobre 1995.

10/ Use of ibidem, idem and op. cit.

Ibidem refers to the immediately preceding reference but to a different page; Idem to the same page of the same work; op. cit. to a more distant reference. Examples:

  1. Plutarque, Vies, Paris, Les Belles Lettres (coll. G. Budé), 1957, t. 1, p. 36.

  2. Ibidem, p. 40. (Rather than op. cit. when the reference is close)

  3. Homère, Odyssée, (trad. V. Bérard), éd. La Pléiade, p. 561.

  4. Idem.

  5. Plutarque, Vies, op. cit., t. 1, p. 43. (Rather than Ibidem when the reference is remote).

Art. cit., which means "quoted article", is not italicized (example: 4. P. Engel, art. cit., p. 252).

11/ The abbreviation cf.

In the notes, the abbreviation cf. is frequently used incorrectly (for confer, which in Latin means "compare with"). It should be reserved for its meaning: "compare with what so-and-so says in such-and-such a work". In all other cases, the French infinitive "voir" is preferred to cf.

Please note: the proofs contain only spelling and typographical corrections.

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