Bibliographie
Archives
AJ, (Arhiv Jugoslavije) [Archives of Yugoslavia], 110 (Državna komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača) [State Commission for Investigation of Crimes Committed by the Occupation Forces and their Collaborators] – 55.
AJ, 110, inv. Br. 4252.
AJ, 103-167-183.
AJ, 110-40-107.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], G-3, (Ministarstvo prosvete i vera 1941-1944) [Ministry of Education and Religion], f. 62, 35-16-41.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], BIA, (Zbirka dokumenata Bezbednosno-informativne agencije) [Collection of Documents from the Security Information Agency], IV-50.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], G-25, (Zemaljska komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača) [Republic Commission for Investigation of Crimes Committed by the Occupation Forces and their Collaborators], f. 9, Zl. Br. 1745.
AS, G-25, Zl. Br. 1772.
AS, BIA, IV-50.
AS, G-25, f. 15, Zl. Br. 2392.
AS, G-25, f. 9, Zl. Br. 1755.
AS, G-25, f. 39, Zl. Br. 5361.
AS, BIA, I-7.
AS, BIA, IV-12.
AS, BIA, I-36.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], Đ-2, (Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Srbije) [Central Committee of the League of Communist of Serbia], OK Ar, 59.
IAB, (Istorijski arhiv Beograda) [Historical Archives of Belgrade], UgB-SP (Uprava grada Beograda – Specijalna policija) [Belgrade City Authority - Special Police], III-21/20, k.149/16.
IAB, UgB-SP III-6/17, k.143/15.
VA, (Vojni arhiv) [Military Archives], Na, (Nemačka arhiva) [German Archives], 32-1-3.
VA, (Vojni arhiv) [Military Archives], Ča, (Četnička arhiva) [Četnik Archives], 20-1-35.
VA, Na, 271-1A-3.
VA, Ča. 255-1-52.
VA, Ča. 130-1-12.
VA, Ča. 240-7-26.
VA, Ča. 255-1-54.
VA, Ča, 80-2-45.
Istorijski arhiv Užice, Okružni sud u Užicu [Historical Archives of Užice, District Court of Užice], KNO i konf. Ča/a 1945.
Ouvrages
Abbott Elizabeth, 2006, Istorija ljubavnica [A History of Mistresses], Beograd: Geopoetika.
Bock Gisela, 2000, Frauen in der Europaischen Geschichte Vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, München: C.H. Beck Verlag.
Božović Branislav, 1998, Beograd pod komesarskom upravom 1941 [Belgrade Under Commissars’ Authority 1941], Beograd.
Cvetković Srđan, 2006, Između srpa i čekića: Represija u Srbiji 1944-1953 [Between the Hammer and the Sickle: Repression in Serbia 1944-1953], Beograd.
Ćirković Simo C., 2009, Ko je ko u Nedićevoj Srbiji 1941-1944. Leksikon ličnosti: Slika jedne zabranjene epohe [Who Is Who in Nedić’s Serbia 1941-1944: A Biographical Dictionary, A Picture of A Forgotten Epoch], Beograd.
Davidović Goran, Timotijević Miloš, s. d., Žena i rat, “Druga strana” okupacije 1941-1944: godine na prostoru čačanskog kraja [Women and War, “The Other Side” of the occupation 1941-1944], Zbornik radova Narodnog muzeja.
Davidović Goran, Timotijević Miloš, 2002, Zatamnjena prošlost: Istorija ravnogoraca čačanskog kraja, I [The Dimmed Past: History of the Ravna Gora Movement in the Čačak area, I], Čačak, 90.
Davidović Goran, Timotijević Miloš, 2004, Dan posle – uništavanje organizacije JVuO i uspostavljanje vlasti komunista u čačanskom kraju 1944-1945 [The Day After – Destruction of the JVuO Organization and Establishment of Communist Rule in the Čačak Area at the End of 1944-1945], Istorija 20. veka, 2/2004, 34.
Frommer Benjamin, 2006, “Denouncers and Fraternizers: Gender, Collaboration, and Retribution in Bohemia and Moravia during World War II and After”, in Wingfield Nancy M., Bucur Maria, Gender and War in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Gildea Robert, Wieviorka Olivier, Warring Anett, 2006, Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe, Oxford, New York: Berg.
Glišić Venceslav, 2009, Dosije o Veri Pešić ili kako ne treba pisati istoriju obaveštajca [A File on Vera Pešić or How the History of an Intelligence Agent Should not be Written], Beograd: Vojnoistorijski glasnik, 2/2009.
Hansen Lulu Anne, 2009, “Youth of the Rails: Teenage Girls and German Soldiers–A Case Study in Occupied Denmark, 1940-1945”, in Herzog Dagmar, Brutality and Desire, War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Milanković Milutin, 2005, Sećanja [Memoirs], Beograd.
Milićević Nataša, 2009, Jugoslovenska vlast i srpsko građanstvo 1944-1950 [The Yugoslav Authority and the Serbian Bourgeoisie 1944-1950], Beograd.
Mitrović Momčilo, 2007, Srpska nacionalna čast pred zakonom 1945: godine [Serbian National Honor Before the Law], Beograd.
Mladenović Božica, 1996, Žena u Topličkom ustanku 1917 [A Woman in the Toplica Uprising 1917], Beograd.
Mühlhäuser Regina, 2009, “Between ‘Racial Awareness’ and Fantasies of Potency in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union, 1942-1945”, in Herzog Dagmar, Brutality and Desire, War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nikolić Kosta, 1999, Istorija ravnogorskog pokreta 1941-1945 [History of the Ravna Gora Movement 1941-1945], I, Beograd: Srpska reč, 310.
Piletić Velimir, 2002, Sudbina srpskog oficira [The Fate of a Serbian Officer], Kragujevac.
Ristić Nenad J., 1995, Džumbusana u Centralu – Pozorišni Život u Planci Smed 1941-1944 [Chaos in the Central – Theatre Life in Palanaka (Smed) 1941-1944], Smederevska Palanka.
Šmale Volfgang, 2011, Istorija muškosti u Evropi (1450-2000) [Wolfgang Schmale, History of Masculinity in Europe (1450-2000)], Beograd.
Timotijević Miloš, 2007, Prostitucija u Čačku tokom 20. veka [Prostitution in Čačak during 20th century], Tokovi istorije, 1-2/2007.
Utuljena Baština, Antologija (cenzurisanih) pripovedaka [The Surpressed Heritage, Anthology of (Censored) Stories], 1990, Priredio Gojko Tešić, Beograd.
Vinen Richard, 2007, The Unfree French: Life under the Occupation, London: Penguin books.
Virgili Fabrice, 2002, Shorn Women: Gender and Punishment in Liberation France, Berg, Oxford, New York: Berg.
Vukosavljević Miladin, 2008, Miroslav Krleža i Dragiša Vasić (Skica za studiju) [Miroslav Krleža and Dragiša Vasić (A Sketch for a Portrait)], Život i delo Dragiše Vasića [The Life and Work of Dragiša Vasić], Zbornik radova sa naučnog skupa, Gornji Milanovac.
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Notes
According to German reports 20,000 mostly civilians were killed in reprisals in the period September 1941 – February 1942. Holm Zundhauzen, 2008, Istorija Srbije od 19. do 21. veka [Holm Sundhaussen, The History of Serbia 19 and 20 century], Beograd, p. 358.
French historiography also uses a softer term “sentimental collaboration” (“collaboration sentimentale”). Richard Vinen, 2007, The Unfree French: Life under the Occupation, p. 176.
“Horizontal collaboration” became one of the most unbearable types of collaboration, not on account of its immediate effect, which was negligible, but because it represented the absolute defeat of France.” Fabrice Virgili, 2002, Shorn Women: Gender and Punishment in Liberation France, p. 239.
For many women in Greece intimate relations with the members of the occupation army was the only way to survive a severe famine. Elizabeth Abbott, 2006, Istorija ljubavnica, p. 350.
About 9 000 children were fathered by German soldiers in Norway, and almost 50 000 Norwegian women had affairs with German soldiers which was a significant percentage out of a population of 3 million inhabitants. Robert Gildea, Olivier Wieviorka, Anett Warring, 2006, Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe, p. 91.
Historians estimated that about 50-75 000 children were fathered by German soldiers in France. However, more recent research increased the number to 200 000. Vinen, p. 160.
Benjamin Frommer, 2006, “Denouncers and Fraternizers: Gender, Collaboration, and Retribution in Bohemia and Moravia during World War II and After”, p. 121.
Regina Mühlhäuser, 2009, “Between ‘Racial Awareness’ and Fantasies of Potency in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union 1942-1945”, p. 211.
After returning home from the WWI, Vasić’s wife told him that she had fallen in love with an Austro-Hungarian officer and that she wanted a divorce. Miladin Vukosavljević, 2008, Miroslav Krleža i Dragiša Vasić (Skica za studiju), p. 352.
“Think about it, who can trust a wife to be loyal during the occupation? Say it. An officer in every house, isn’t there? Brother, they live in one house. The elders go to bed, the children fall asleep, there aren’t any children in some houses. The only witness is god himself. And when you come back home she (the wife) can’t stop talking about honor.” Utuljena Baština, Antologija (cenzurisanih) pripovedaka, 1990, p. 42.
Her activity was summed up as: “She was a sinner but she did good!” Milutin Milanković, 2005, Sećanja [Memoirs], p. 379.
Circa 100 000 soldiers and officers were taken as prisoners of war from the territory of Serbia.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], G-3, (Ministarstvo prosvete i vera 1941-1944) [Ministry of Education and Religion], f. 62, 35-16-41.
Nenad J. Ristić, 1995, Džumbusana u Centralu–Pozorišni Život u Planci Smed 1941-1944, p. 33.
Goran Davidović, Miloš Timotijević, s. d., Žena i rat, “Druga strana” okupacije 1941-1944: godine na prostoru čačanskog krajapp, 147.
Davidović, Timotijević, 2002, Zatamnjena prošlost: Istorija ravnogoraca čačanskog kraja, I, p. 90.
VA, (Vojni arhiv) [Military Archives], Na, (Nemačka arhiva) [German Archives], 32-1-3.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], BIA, (Zbirka dokumenata Bezbednosno-informativne agencije) [Collection of Documents from the Security Information Agency], IV-50.
VA, (Vojni arhiv) [Military Archives], Ča, (Četnička arhiva) [Četnik Archives], 20-1-35.
According to incomplete data of the State Commission for Investigation of Crimes Committed by the Occupation Forces and their Collaborators, 3 639 case of rape committed during the occupation were reported, 772 of which were committed by the Germans and 1,834 by the Bulgarians. AJ, (Arhiv Jugoslavije) [Archives of Yugoslavia], 110 (Državna komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača) [State Commission for Investigation of Crimes Committed by the Occupation Forces and their Collaborators]–55.
VA, Na, 271-1A-3.
Branislav Božović, 1998, Beograd pod komesarskom upravom 1941, p. 124-125.
Miloš Timotijević, 2007, Prostitucija u Čačku tokom 20: veka, p. 183.
Katica Knežević was run out Valjevo by the city police for spreading sexual promiscuity among the soldiers and civilians, she had been arrested before but the German soldiers managed to keep her in Valjevo. IAB, (Istorijski arhiv Beograda) [Historical Archives of Belgrade], UgB-SP (Uprava grada Beograda – Specijalna policija) [Belgrade City Authority-Special Police], III-21/20, k.149/16.
The same thing happened to a prostitute who worked at an inn in Lapovo, being by descent from NDH territory, she was returned to her territory of origin. IAB, UgB-SP III-21/23, k.149/20.
Davidović, Timotijević, 2002, Zatamnjena prošlost..., p. 242.
A women from Belgrade shocked the neighbors by seeing off the German soldiers and “appearing outside of her flat in a transparent nightgown.” AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], G-25, (Zemaljska komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača) [Republic Commission for Investigation of Crimes Committed by the Occupation Forces and their Collaborators], f. 9, Zl. Br. 1745.
AS, G-25, Zl. Br. 1772.
AJ, 110, inv. Br. 4252. There are witness reports that the SS and Police Commander of Belgrade August Meisner had two mistresses who were sisters who came from a respectable Belgrade family – they were shot after the war.
Mi smo preživeli ... Jevreji o holokaustu,II, 2003 [We Have Survived … Jews on the Holocaust, II], Beograd, p. 324.
Milan Jovanović Stoimirović, Head of the State Archives, left a diary entry on the visit to a theatre performance attended by the German and Italian officers who could probably not understand the play but who together with their escorts represented an attraction for the other people present who thought it “was fantastic to see that crowd entering the theatre-the new future world.” Stoimirović, date, Dnevnik, rukopis, [Diary, manuscript], Matica srpska.
Davidović, Timotijević, 2002, Zatamnjena prošlost..., p. 240-241.
AS, BIA, IV-50.
AS, G-25, f.15, Zl. Br. 2392.
IAB, UgB-SP III-6/17, k.143/15.
Parents of a 17 year old school girl from Požarevac asked the District Command in June 1943 to find and return home their daughter who eloped with a German and ran away to Belgrade. AC, BIA, 1-7.
Milena Spasić, first a translator in the Field Command in Užice and Šabac and then translator for the Gestapo had a love affair with Paul William, the Head of the Gestapo in Šabac “she completely surrendered to him spiritually and physically and even traveled with him to Germany.” AS, G-25, f. 9, Zl. Br. 1755.
Two women in Topola, cooks for the German forces, not politically active before the war, became active propagandists of Nazi invisibility after working for the Germans and openly appeared in public and lived with German soldiers. AS, BIA, I-7.
Nemačka obaveštajna služba, IV [German Intelligence Service, IV], Beograd, 1959, 211.
M. Bruderer was described as a “sexually very aggressive” person who had intimate relations with several mostly young agents. Nemačka obaveštajna služba [German Intelligence Service], p. 289.
Simo C. Ćirković, 2009, Ko je ko u Nedićevoj Srbiji 1941-1944: Leksikon ličnosti. Slika jedne zabranjene epohe, p. 47.
Venceslav Glišić, 2009, Dosi je o Veri Pešić ili kako ne treba pisati istoriju obaveštajca, p. 178.
VA, Ča. 130-1-12.
VA, Ča. 255-1-52.
VA, Ča. 240-7-26.
VA, Ča. 255-1-54.
From June 1943 to March 1946 in France, 20 000 women accused of collaboration with German occupation forces were shorn, 40 % of the charges were for prostitution or sexual relations with the enemy. Volfgang Šmale, 2011, Istorija muškosti u Evropi (1450-200), p. 251.
Virgili, p. 213.
[...] “Aryan women who had or supposedly had affairs with Jews were sheared and dragged through the city streets.” Gizela Bok, 2005, Žena u istoriji Evrope: Od srednjeg veka do danas, Beograd, 336, trad. Ljubinka Milenković.
The first case of head shaving took place in Denmark 1940, from 1943 on the number of case increased. Lulu Anne Hansen, 2009, “‘Youth of the Rails’: Teenage Girls and German Soldiers–A Case Study in Occupied Denmark 1940-1945”, p. 139.
There were cases of women being shorn in Italy because of collaboration with the German occupiers after the capitulation. Virgili, p. 214.
Šmale, p. 252.
Gildea, Wievorka, Warring, 2006, Surviving Hitler and Mussolini..., p. 121.
The wife of Mašan Stojović was punished more severely, she was shot because of her collaboration with the Bulgarians. Božica Mladenović, 1996, Žena u Topličkom ustanku 1917, p. 78.
Velimir Piletić, 2002, Sudbina srpskog oficira, p. 66.
Ibid.
AS, (Arhiv Srbije) [Archives of Serbia], Đ-2, (Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Srbije) [Central Committee of the League of Communist of Serbia], OK Ar, 59.
A woman’s head was shaved in July 1944 because her brother was in Partisan movement, while another woman was beaten and raped because her husband was in the Partisan movement. AS, G-25, f. 39, Zl. Br. 5361.
VA, Ča, 80-2-45.
AJ, 110-40-107.
Kosta Nikolić, 1999, Istorija ravnogorskog pokreta 1941-1945, p. 310.
Davidović, Timotijević, 2004, Dan posle – uništavanje organizacije JVuO i uspostavljanje vlasti komunista u čačanskom kraju 1944-1945, p. 34.
AJ, 103-167-183.
Momčilo Mitrović, 2007, Srpska nacionalna čast pred zakonom 1945: godine, p. 326.
Two women, mistresses of German officers, were executed by a firing squad in Požarevac. Srđan Cvetković, 2006, Između srpa i čekića: Represija u Srbiji 1944-1953, p. 212.
Some men, as was the case in Niš, returned to Serbia with their German wives. AS, BIA, IV-12.
Among the women indicted by the Court of Honor, was a former gymnasium pupil, who was sentenced to a year of easier forced labor because she maintained friendly relations with the members of the occupation forces. She was guilty because she had been seen in a bathing suit at the beach in Čačak twice with a German officer and because she fraternized with the so called domestic traitors. Davidović, Timotijević, 2004, Dan Posle..., p. 43.
A group of six women were convicted in Niš, who were mostly married, as was underscored. Nataša Milićević, 2009, Jugoslovenska vlast i srpsko građanstvo 1944-1950, p. 337.
Mitrović, 2007, Srpska nacionalna čast..., pp. 59-72.
Istorijski arhiv Užice, Okružni sud u Užicu [Historical Archives of Užice, District Court of Užice], KNO i konf. Ča/a 1945.
AS, BIA, I-36.
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