Le clinicien et le peintre au XIXe siècle
Abstracts
In the Nineteenth Century, clinical instruction moved from the academic to the hospital setting, inaugurating a complementary relationship between the two systems. Medical training paid the price, sometimes to the detriment of patients who became training topics. Professors in teaching hospitals became the new heroes, admired by patients and students alike. After 1850, ever attentive to social evolution, painters attempted to represent this new cast of Mandarins. Clinical instruction occasioned collective portraits with subjects grouped around a cadaver, a Brouillaud or a Velpeau cast in the role of Rembrandt's Dr. Tulp. Likewise lessons at the foot of a patient's bed provided the setting for fashionable portraits. Displayed at the Salon of 1887, the two emblematic portraits of this genre were Gervex's Before the Operation or Dr. Péan Teaching his Discovery of Vessel Constriction at the St. Louis Hospital and Brouillet's A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière. Clinician and patient are portrayed, as well as some friends. Hospital or operating rooms could accommodate visits from a journalist, an art critic, a composer of music, or a manufacturer of surgical instruments. Nevertheless, the genre evolved in the last quarter of the century and medical images became part of the depiction of everyday life. No longer must one be a great doctor, surgeon, or biologist to be enshrined in a portrait.
References
Electronic reference
Annick Opinel, “Le clinicien et le peintre au XIXe siècle”, Cahiers d'histoire [Online], 44-2 | 1999, Online since , connection on 07 October 2024. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ch/195; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ch.195
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