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    <title>Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies</title>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs</link>
    <description></description>        
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        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2288" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2338" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2250" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2240" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2238" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1981" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1795" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2079" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2144" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1915" />
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  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2288">
    <title>Aoi Shiba no Kai: A Disability Rights Movement Fighting Against Eugenics</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="texte"><em>Haha yo! Korosu na</em> 母よ殺すな (Mother, don’t kill me!) was one of the hardest hitting and most controversial slogans launched by Aoi Shiba no Kai 青い芝の会, a pioneer in the emancipation movement fought by disabled people in the early 1970s. It forcefully conveys the group’s furious rejection of the policies, ideas, actions and social representations collectively referred to as “eugenics” (<em>yūseigaku</em> 優生学).</p>
      <p class="texte">Civil associations for people with disabilities already existed in Japan at the end of WWII, born from the ashes of the country’s pre-war movements. Each advocated for a specific group (wounded war veterans, the visually impaired, tuberculosis sufferers, etc.) and expressed demands that would later be shared by the entire disability rights movement (de-medicalising care, securing access to employment). At the time, however, there was no attempt to present a united front. That particular role fell to Aoi Shiba no Kai.</p>
      <p class="texte">The group’s origins date back to 1947, when graduates of special schools in ...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Anne-Lise Mithout</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2288</link>
    <dc:date>2024-12-09</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2338">
    <title>Eugenics and Education in Post-war Japan</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">The growth and dissemination of eugenic thought and practice in post-war Japan had a considerable impact on education in general, and teaching methodology in particular, both directly and indirectly. Whether consciously or not, Japanese teachers and educationalists were obliged to position themselves with regards the eugenic regime of the day. At the same time, eugenic policies and the view of the child they promoted influenced not only educational practices but also the attitudes of parents, teachers, scholars and politicians towards children-pupils.<br />This paper examines Japanese literature on the subject, which generally focuses on children with disabilities and the education system’s role in disseminating eugenic thought. It also explores how eugenic ideology influenced the implicit and explicit tenets guiding the educational practices adopted for “normal” children, notably <em>nōryokushugi </em>(“ability-ism”). As well as being a key principle in the Japanese workplace, <em>nōryokushugi</em> domina...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Christian Galan</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2338</link>
    <dc:date>2024-12-09</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2250">
    <title>Racial Anthropology in Colonial Korea: “Japanese-Korean Common Ancestry” vs Nativism and Eugenics (1916–1940)</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="texte">(This paper is a digest of two earlier publications in French and English.)</p>
      <p class="texte">Japan laid the groundwork for its colonisation of Korea, made a protectorate from 1905 to 1910 then annexed from 1910 to 1945, via research in the humanities and social sciences. This included the 1884 discovery of a stele commemorating King Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo 廣開土 (early 5th century), found near the Manchurian border by an officer from the Japanese diplomatic contingent. This discovery sparked feverish interest in the history of Japanese-Korean relations in ancient times, a fever that reached its peak during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). Attention focused in particular on the legendary figure of Empress Jingū (r. 201–269), said to have “conquered” the Korean peninsula in the third century. The stele was seen as archaeological proof of these events, which previously had only been recounted in the <em>Nihon shoki</em> 日本書紀 (720). From then on, as demonstrated by Stefan Tanaka, Japan and Korea were seen as...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Arnaud Nanta</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2250</link>
    <dc:date>2024-12-09</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2240">
    <title>Introduction</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="texte">Eugenics is not an obvious choice for academic study, and for good reason. It was considered a pseudo-science, an ideology frequently associated with Nazi thought and therefore to be banished according to what Leo Strauss called “<em>reductio ad Hitlerum</em>” logic. To quote Ernst Mayr, “it has become almost impossible, since 1933, to discuss eugenics objectively”. Whether then or now, labelling a historical figure a eugenicist evoked a “dark” or “negative” chapter in their lives. In retrospect, every eugenicist became a precursor to the Nazi tragedy.</p>
      <p class="texte">It was only in the early 2000s that research on human heredity was revitalised by a new field of enquiry: “the social and cultural history of heredity”. This new theme dismantled traditional disciplinary boundaries by bridging together “the history of biology, of medicine, of the human sciences, of sociohistorical studies of race, and of rural history”, with the law being a relatively minor concern.</p>
      <p class="texte">Yet it would be impossible to understand Japan...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Isabelle Konuma</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2240</link>
    <dc:date>2024-12-09</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2238">
    <title>Editorial note</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="texte">The current issue features three translated essays originally published in <em>Cipango </em>24, entitled “Eugénisme dans le Japon moderne et contemporain” [Eugenics in modern and contemporary Japan]. It was supervised by Isabelle Konuma and her introduction – also translated here – summarises the key points that should inform any analysis of eugenics within the framework of Japanese Studies. Please note that one of the translations – the text by Arnaud Nanta – is a digest of two earlier publications by that author, one in French (<em>Cipango</em> 24) and one in English (<em>National Races: Transnational Power Struggles in the Sciences and Politics of Human Diversity, 1840–1945</em>, University of Nebraska Press, 2019).</p>
      <p class="texte">On behalf of the editorial committees, I would particularly like to thank Karen Grimwade for her elegant translations and Presses de Inalco for their technical support.</p>]]></description>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2238</link>
    <dc:date>2024-12-09</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1981">
    <title>Korean Miners in Japanese Literature: Between Constrained Silence and Risk of Trivialisation</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">Japanese coal mines employed large numbers of Koreans between 1939 and 1945, many torn from their homeland by force and subjected to discrimination. Their presence in the mines marks a dark page in Japanese history, symptomatic of the colonial period. This episode has been explored repeatedly in Japanese-language literature, by Korean and Japanese writers alike. However, approaches to the subject differ significantly according to the authors’ origins and the periods in which they were writing. This article shows that the topic remains taboo among Korean writers, despite their community being directly concerned. In contrast, Japanese writers deal squarely with the presence of Korean miners and the treatment meted out to them. The testimonies penned by Japanese authors also show a shift towards heavily fictionalised narratives.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Mayumi Shimosakai</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1981</link>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1795">
    <title>Miners on Mining: Sākuru-mura</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">A variety of social and cultural movements emerged during the post-war democratisation of Japan, including so-called <em>sākuru undō</em> or circle movements. One in particular has drawn interest from historians due to its conceptual novelty and influence on left-wing intellectuals in the 1960s:<em> </em>Sākuru-mura (Circle Village), a debate and social reflection group and eponymous journal active in northern Kyūshū from 1958 to 1961. Its location in a key coal-mining region reflects the importance of the mining industry in the history of Japanese labour disputes at the time. Nevertheless, a number of non-miners also took part. This article examines the many connections between the mines and Sākuru-mura. A brief chronological introduction is followed by a focus on the mining-related writings of the movement’s three leaders (two of whom were not miners). Finally, an analysis of the styles, aesthetics and themes of the many texts penned by miners will highlight the diversity of these writings and the ...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Makiko Andro-Ueda</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1795</link>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2079">
    <title>The 1897 Commission of Inquiry on the Ashio Mining Pollution: from Laissez-Faire to the State Management of an Environmental Crisis</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">The Ashio copper mine case was one of the most important ecological and social crisis of modern Japan. Due to the scale of the environmental issues and of the protest movement, in 1896, the central authorities were forced to get involved, after a decade of laissez-faire. On March 24, 1897, an Ashio pollution investigation Commission was established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, in charge of this matter. If the measures taken by the Government represented a step towards the supervision of mining activities, the initial purpose was to protect this industry. The analysis of the minutes of the Commission and of the governmental decisions tells us a great deal about how the authorities back then handled an environmental crisis, as well as what was at stake in the exploitation of a natural resource.</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Cyrian Pitteloud</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2079</link>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2144">
    <title>The Regional Foundations of Japan’s Industrial Revolution: The First Opening of Moji Port to Foreign Commerce (1885-1886)</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">An apparent vacuum exists in the economic history of Japan between the difficult years of the “Matsukata deflation” (1881–1884) and the “enterprise boom” (1887–1889) considered to mark the beginning of industrialisation. This widely held view is seemingly confirmed by the example of Moji port in northern Kyūshū, reputedly transformed from a “desolate” place into the industrial heart of Northeast Asia thanks to a government decree in 1889 opening it up to foreign trade. This paper shows that, contrary to popular perception, 1885 and 1886 were not, in fact, empty years but saw the first opening of Moji’s port to international exports thanks to a transregional initiative associating Osaka merchant houses and Chikuhō mine owners. <br />By analysing the structure and strategy of this transregional enterprise, as well as the government’s response to its request to hire foreign vessels and the evolution of domestic and international markets, we can see that the failure of international coal expo...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Alexandre Roy</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/2144</link>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1915">
    <title>The Coal-mining Pariahs of Chikuhō. Assimilation or Over-Discrimination?</title>
    <description><![CDATA[
      <p class="resume">The Chikuhō region of northern Kyūshū remains strongly associated with coal-mining history. Much less well known, however, is the link between coal mining and the outcast <em>burakumin</em> communities<em>, </em>as post-war historical research has been relatively silent on the issue. And yet, Chikuhō<em> </em>has a particularly high concentration of <em>buraku</em> communities, often living in close vicinity to disused mines. This paper will show a direct link between the <em>buraku </em>presence in Chikuhō and the coal-mining industry, essentially resulting from historical and social factors. The industrialisation of the mines at the end of the nineteenth century could have led to the integration of <em>burakumin</em> into the nascent working class. Instead, discrimination persisted within the mining proletariat and was even leveraged by certain industrial groups as a means of managing working-class populations. The issue of <em>buraku</em> specificity was also addressed within the labour movement, by the unions and in the strategies of the Ja...</p>]]></description> 
    <dc:creator>Kaiko Miyazaki</dc:creator>
    <link>http://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1915</link>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
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