Notes
Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory: the Legacy of the Crimean War, Oxford, Westview, 1999, p. 17.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 25.
Asa Briggs, Victorian People, [1954], Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1982, p. 61
See: Olive Anderson, A Liberal State at war: English Politics & Economics during the Crimean War, NY, St Martin’s Press, 1967, 306 p.
For Olive Anderson, troops came to embody idealized notions of what they were fighting for, by British society, especially the religious public; see: Olive Anderson, “The Growth of Christian Militarism in Mid-Victorian Britain”, English Historical Review, 86: 338 (1971): 44–72.
“Declaration of War against Russia”, Illustrated London News, 01/04/1854.
Asa Briggs, Victorian People, p. 62.
“The English & French alliance”, Illustrated London News, 22/04/1854. See also: The Times, 27/02/1854.
Russophobia was important among many workers; see: Hugh Cunningham, “The Language of Patriotism, 1750–1914”, History Workshop, 12 (1981): 8–33.
Asa Briggs, Victorian People, p. 63.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, 1853–1856, p. 161. Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 11–2.
Letter dated 21/8/1855 from John Russell to Lord Brougham, in: NA/PRO 30/22/12F: politics and government: press antagonism.
Times, 23/06/1855, p. 8: “the intelligence of the unsuccessful attack of the allied forces on the Malakhoff Tower and the Redan”.
Times, 27/11/1855, p. 8: “the British army in the Crimea”.
Times, 04/12/1854, p. 7: “the sick and wounded fund”; see also: Times, 19/06/1855: “the massacre at Hango”.
“The Russian hospital at Sebastopol”, Illustrated London News, 06/10/1855.
Times, 05/01/1855, p. 7: “letters from the Crimea”.
Times, 10/10/1854, p. 7: “The battle of the Alma”; Times, 13/11/1854, p. 7: “the attack on Balaklava”; Times, 14/11/1854, p. 7: “the operations of the siege”; Times (04/12/1854, p. 7): “the battle of Inkerman”; Times, 26/09/1855: “the fall of Sebastopol—storming of the Malakhoff and Redan. Retreat of the Russians to the North side”.
“The battlefield of Inkerman”, Illustrated London News, 03/02/1855.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1985, p. 7.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée. . . , p. 227.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 16.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 105.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 104.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 16.
“The Crimea Expedition”, Illustrated London News, 23/09/1854.
Times, 08/11/1854.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 192; Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 21.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 207.
See: two articles by John Sweetman: “Ad Hoc Support Services during the Crimean War, 1854–6: temporary, ill-planned and largely unsuccessful”, Military Affairs, July 1988: 135–40. And: “Military transport during the Crimean War”, English Historical Review, 88: 346 (Jan. 1973): 81–91.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 195; Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 33.
Likewise, Roger Fenton, the main photographer of the Crimean War, took only photos the public were likely to buy, such as photos of military leaders and daily scenes, not scenes of violence. See: Brady, T. J., “Fenton and the Crimean War”, History Today, 18: 2 (1968): 75–83.
Henry Clifford, Henry Clifford VC: his letters and sketches from the Crimea, ed. C. Fitzherbert, London 1956, quoted in: Trevor Royle, Crimea, p. 104.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 229.
Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 27; Clive Ponting, The Crimean War: the Truth Behind the Myth, p. 25.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 220.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 72.
Woodham-Smith, Cecil, The Reason Why, London, Constable, 1987, 287 p.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 8.
Raglan was 65. Of the army’s generals in 1854, 13 on the active list had over 70 years’ service and 37 had 60 years. See: Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 106; Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 52, 87.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 105.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 254.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 106; Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 50.
Asa Briggs, Victorian People, p. 61.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 257.
Clive Ponting, The Crimean War: the Truth Behind the Myth, p. VIII.
Clive Ponting, The Crimean War: the Truth Behind the Myth, p. 137.
Clive Ponting, The Crimean War: the Truth Behind the Myth, p. X.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 269; Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 25.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 280.
Times, 26/09/1855, p. 6: “the fall of Sebastopol”.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 355.
Alain Gouttman, La Guerre de Crimée, p. 363.
for details of her work there, see: NA/WO 43/963: Papers of female nursing establishment under Miss Nightingale at the Crimea.
“Miss Nightingale”, Illustrated London News, 24/02/1855.
“Miss Nightingale”, Illustrated London News, 24/02/1855.
Sue M. Goldie, ed., “I have done my duty”: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War, 1854–1856., Manchester: Manchester UP, 1987, p. 5.
Anne Summers, “Pride & Prejudice: Ladies and Nurses in the Crimean War”, History Workshop, 16 (1983): 33-56. Sue M. Goldie, ed., “I have done my duty”: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War, p. 10.
Clive Ponting, The Crimean War: the Truth Behind the Myth, p. 198.
Smith, F. B., Florence Nightingale: Reputation and Power, London, Croom Helm, 1982, 216 p.
A view shared by Sue M. Goldie; see: Sue M. Goldie, ed., “I have done my duty”: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War, p. 9.
Letter to Lady Canning, dated 23/11/1856, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 287–93.
See also: Baylen, J. O., “The Florence Nightingale/Mary Stanley controversy: some unpublished letters”, Medical History, 18(1974): 186-93. And: Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 161.
Letter to Sidney Herbert, 15/12/1854, in: Sue M. Goldie, ed., “I have done my duty”: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War, p. 50–1.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 199, 219.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 222.
Letter of Prince Albert to the Dowager Duchess of Coburg, quoted in: Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 228.
In: NA/WO 28/355: Crimean War: Balaclava 1856.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 157.
Letters dated 6 & 22/1/1855, in: NA/WO 33/1: Miscellaneous papers of the War Office, 1853.
Letter from Lord Panmure to Field Marshal Lord Raglan, dated 12/2/1855, in: NA/WO 33/1: Miscellaneous papers of the War Office, 1853.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 151.
In: NA/WO 28/355: Crimean War: Balaclava 1856.
Times, 27/04/1855: “the army in the Crimea”: it is a confidential report by Lord Raglan to Lord Penmure.
Times, 21/09/1854: “the war—the British expedition”: this article is a detailed list of the naval forces sent to the shores of the Crimea. See also the article entitled “the seat of war” in: NA/PRO 30/12/18/2.
General order dated 25/02/1856, in: NA/WO 28/355: Crimean War: Balaclava 1856.
Letter dated 16/09/1854 from A. H. Layard (naval officer on board HMS Agamemnon) to Lord John Russell, in: NA/PRO 30/22/11E: political, administrative and Crimean War correspondence and memoranda.
Letter dated 11/12/1855, in: NA/PRO 30/12/18/3.
Letter from Stratford to Clarendon, dated 25/10/1854 [NA/FO 78/1003/613], quoted in: Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 250.
Robert B. Edgerton, Death or Glory, p. 129; see also: Florence Nightingale, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, p. 51.
Letter from Dr Menzies to Dr Hall, 26/10/1854, quoted in: Sue M. Goldie, ed., “I have done my duty”: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War, p. 34. See also: John C. McDonald’s testimony [q. 7001] in: PP/HC 1854-5 (IX) 156: Second Report of the Select Committee on the Army Before Sebastopol.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, 1854–1856, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 252.
See: Alan Hankinson, Man of wars: William Howard Russell of the Times, London, Heinemann, 1982, 304 p.
Times, 08/02/1855, p. 6.
Times, 23/01/1855, p. 8: “the sick transport service and Crimean camp”.
Times, 09/10/1854, p. 6.
P. 5, in: NA/WO/32/7581: Proceedings before the board of general officers on the report of Sir J. Mac Neill and Colonel Tulloch.
George Ranken, Canada and the Crimea, p. 186.
George Ranken, Canada and the Crimea, p. 234; see also: A Soldier’s Experience, p. 56.
George Ranken, Canada and the Crimea, p. 195.
George Ranken, Canada and the Crimea, p. 282.
Letter to Lieutenant-Colonel Lefroy, 11/01/1856, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty“, p. 192. In the end Nightingale’s authority over the nursing establishment in the East was confirmed by the War Office in February 1856; letter of War Secretary, Lord Panmure, dated 03/03/1856, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 216.
Letter to Sidney Herbert, written at Barrack Hospital, Scutari, 25/11/1854, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 49.
Florence Nightingale, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, p. IX, Preface to section III.
See: NA/WO 32/7580: Report of the Sanitary Commission on the condition of hospitals serving in the Crimea.
Florence Nightingale, Notes on Matters. . . , p. II of Preface of section II.
See also: George Dundas’s testimony [q. 23, p. 2], in: PP/HC 1854-5 (IX) 156: Second Report of the Select Committee on the Army Before Sebastopol.
Letter to Sidney Herbert, 28/12/1854, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 60-1.
Florence Nightingale, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, p. 10-11.
Boog Watson, William N., “An Edinburgh Surgeon of the Crimean War—Patrick Heron Watson (1832–1907)”, Medical History, 10(1966): 166–76.
Trevor Royle, Crimea: the Great Crimean War, p. 249.
Letter to Mrs Herbert, from Scutari, 16/04/1855, in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 112.
See the copy of the “Confidential Report on the Nursing System, since its introduction to the Crimea on the 23rd January 1855” [NA/WO 43/963], in: Sue M. Goldie, “I have done my duty”, p. 298–304.
Times, 10/03/1855, p. 11: “State of the army before Sebastopol”; and also: 15/03/1855, p. 5; 16/03/1855, p. 9; 21/04/1855, p. 10.
Times, 10/03/1855, p. 11: “State of the army before Sebastopol”; see also: George Dundas’s testimony [q. 8], in: PP/HC 1854-5 (IX) 156: Second Report of the Select Committee on the Army Before Sebastopol.
See: report upon the state of the hospitals of the British army in the Crimea and Scutari (23/2/1855), in: NA/WO 33/1: Miscellaneous papers of the War Office, 1853.
Asa Briggs, Victorian People, p. 83.
Extract from: Report of the select committee appointed to inquire into the condition of the army before Sebastopol. In: Asa Briggs, Victorian People, p. 88.
Report by Lieutenant-General James Simpson, quoted in: Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 258.
Times, 08/04/1856, p. 12: “the Crimean board of inquiry”; Times, 25/07/1856, p. 9: “the Crimean inquiry at Chelsea”.
Q. 464, p. 24, in: PP/HC 1854-5 (IX) 156: Second Report of the Select Committee on the Army Before Sebastopol.
Q. 495, in: PP/HC 1854–5 (IX) 156: Second Report of the Select Committee on the Army Before Sebastopol.
Times, 18/02/1856, p. 12: “the inculpated Crimean officers”; see also: Times, 21/02/1856: “Lord Cardigan and the light cavalry brigade”.
Christopher Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, p. 257.
Times, 04/12/1854: “the sick and wounded fund”.
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