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Instructions for the presentation of articles. 1. Text & Bibliography

15/08/23

Manuscript presentation standards

Manuscript format and size

For all sections, the manuscript submitted to EchoGéo should be in Word format (or equivalent word processing software). For articles in the In the Field sections (whether thematic sections or Varia), the text should be between 35,000 and 40,000 characters including spaces (including abstracts, footnotes, bibliography and captions for illustrations where appropriate). They may be shorter (15,000 to 20,000 characters) for the sections Sur l'Image, Sur le Métier, Sur l'Écrit.

These figures remain indicative but may lead the editorial team to request a reduction in the number of characters before any assessment.

Language(s) of the manuscript

Texts may be written in French, English or Spanish.

Please note: If you are writing in a language that is not your own, have your text proofread by a speaker of the language or by a professional translator. The EchoGéo editorial team may refuse to accept texts submitted in French, English or Spanish on the grounds that they lack vocabulary.

NB. EchoGéo strongly encourages authors to publish their article in several languages, once it has been accepted in one of them. However, the journal cannot provide translations (only the calls for articles and the introductions to the thematic dossiers are translated by EchoGéo via a professional).

For this translation, ask for support from the project in which your work is involved (funding may have been specifically requested and granted) or from your research structure (support from laboratories or research units and institutions).

The manuscript must include :

- a meaningful title in French and English (+/- other language)

- It must be informative and, if possible, short and attractive;

- no footnotes in the title;

- a short subtitle may be added if necessary [note: the subtitle does not appear on the summary page of the issue].

- a summary of approximately 10 lines (100 to 150 words) in French and English (+/- other language)

This is a very short summary of the article, giving readers an overview of its content and scientific contribution, and enabling search engines to better categorise it.

- five keywords in French and English (+/- other language)

all in the singular, without capitals (except for proper nouns), without full stops and separated by commas;

- the contact details of the author(s) and the references of his/her/their last three publications.

- Each author will be presented according to the following model:

First name Last name, e-mail address, position, organisation, laboratory, town, country.

- The references of each author's last three publications will follow and will be presented in the same way as the bibliographic references (see below).

- New: specify the ORCID number for each author

The ORCID identifier is a sixteen-digit numerical code that uniquely and permanently identifies the authors of scientific publications. Each author can create an ORCID account containing their professional information: affiliations, grants, publications, peer reviews, etc. and link it to their publications.

Registration for ORCID is free and can be done on the ORCID website. URL: https://orcid.org/

NB. ORCID is a not-for-profit organisation supported by a global community of research-related organisations. Open Edition is a member, as are a large number of French research organisations and universities.

- A signed declaration of ethics and respect for the law must be attached to the manuscript (form to be completed in the appendix).

A few tips for promoting your work for publication

By adopting a few rules that make it easier for the artificial intelligences that manage data flows on the Internet to locate texts, once published, these writings will benefit from better international referencing and therefore wider visibility and audience. The OpenEdition platform on which EchoGéo is published offers an opportunity to disseminate knowledge very widely. But this tool in itself is not enough: the authors themselves need to make judicious use of it by choosing the right title, summary, keywords and translation. Get to grips with these ways of adding editorial value to your articles!

Metadata & SEO: what does it mean?

Metadata" is information about the data (in this case, the published article) that makes it possible to locate and consult it over time. It is the same as our old "bibliographic records", but adapted to Semantic Web techniques.

As they are freely accessible, these elements are used not only by direct readers but also by search engines and databases to find their way through the mass of publications.

In addition to the author's name and the date of publication, this includes the title of the article, keywords and the abstract: all of which the author must take care to use vocabulary and wording that can be easily managed by artificial intelligence and search engines to improve their collection and translation - and therefore their 'referencing'.

The choice of metadata is therefore crucial and must be carefully considered. They play a decisive role in the audience for the article once it has been published.

Choosing the title, keywords and writing the summary

Internet users, as well as search engines and databases, use the words in the title, summary and keywords to identify publications. It is important that they reflect the uniqueness of your approach or your case study, but that they also link the thinking you are proposing to a more general issue, theme or area of research.

Combine the use of words and expressions that strictly qualify the subject of the article with words and expressions that broaden the field of research: the publication will have a better chance of reaching readers working on cross-cutting issues or similar areas.

Choose words and expressions that are relevant to your scientific community, but also bear in mind that the journal's articles are aimed at a readership with diverse specialisations in the field of geography as the study of relationships with space. Be consistent in the choice of specialist terms between title, abstract and keywords. Avoid abbreviations, ambiguous expressions and terms with multiple meanings.

Think about the balance and coherence of the choice of words and expressions between title, summary and keywords: repetition is not out of the question, but the complementary roles of each item should also be taken into consideration. For example, give a precise mention of the place that is the subject of the article (in the form of the place name) in the summary and/or title or subtitle, but make the key words more general (country, sub-continent, major region, etc.).

The title: this needs to be carefully thought out, bearing in mind that it will have a life of its own: it is the title that will ultimately appear in the bibliographies that cite the article, and therefore the title that will largely motivate the interest shown by web users (who may or may not go to see the summary and possibly the article). The aim is to highlight the content of the article while using an attractive, even hard-hitting, wording. Avoid allusions that are too exclusively French or English or very localised.

The summary: this should be written after the article has been written, bearing in mind that it will be read more often than the article itself: whether by consulting the magazine or via the results of a search engine query, it is the summary that will enable web users to determine whether the text corresponds to their searches. Please note: an abstract is neither an introduction nor a review of the article. It should provide a clear and attractive summary of your article, highlighting its subject, the approach taken and, rather than the results themselves, the contribution of your text to the field of research concerned.

Keywords: these should be precise but general enough to situate the text in its field of study. If necessary, test the words or expressions used by using the journal's index or other scientific search engines to see which publications the words and expressions used refer to; use the keywords found in publications that are thematically close and in which it would be desirable for the article to appear.

Formatting standards for texts and notes

Conditions for consulting texts posted online

Texts are freely available on the EchoGéo website in HTML format. However, articles can only be downloaded in e-Pub and PDF formats by readers attached to an institution that has signed up to the Freemium programme developed by OpenEdition (a programme designed to provide economic support for the development of open-access scientific publishing in the humanities and social sciences).

At the same time, in 2023, while more than half of all visits to the EchoGéo site will come from a desktop device, almost a third will be from a smartphone. This can only have consequences for the conditions in which the texts (and illustrations: see below) are read.

Titles and intertitles should be numbered so that they can be clearly identified when they are published (where numbering will be replaced by a typographical hierarchy).

For the comfort and understanding of the reader, do not hesitate to divide the development of the text into parts and sub-parts (as well as paragraphs). EchoGéo accepts up to 6 levels of headings.

Use footnotes sparingly.

Notes are placed at the bottom of the relevant page and should not exceed 500 characters including spaces.

Do not include the full bibliographical references of texts cited in notes: see below.

However, the URLs of the sites and pages cited in the notes are acceptable.

Italics should be used only for

- Latin or foreign locutions, with the exception of words or expressions accepted in everyday language (interim, ultimatum, marketing, etc.);

- titles of books, newspapers, magazines, literary works, etc., quoted in the text.

Do not use underlining or bold.

Short quotations should be placed in inverted commas within the text (without italics). Quotations of more than 500 characters should be set off in a separate paragraph, between inverted commas, indented to the left and with a space before and after. Passages omitted from quotations are indicated by three suspension points in square brackets: [...].

Quotations taken from a text published in a language other than that of the article must be translated and the original version quoted must be included in the footnote.

For quotations taken from interviews, specify this and, if possible, give the social function of the interviewee and the date and place of the interview.

Acronyms should be written in capitals without a full stop between each letter (CNRS, IRD, etc.). However, when an acronym forms an acronym (phonetically legible) and is common knowledge, only the first letter is capitalised (Unesco, Inra, Cemagref, Cirad, etc.). All acronyms should be expanded from the first occurrence.

Standards for the presentation of bibliographical references

ATTENTION: The bibliography should be limited to essential references; in particular, basic concepts should be backed up by only a few references that shed light on the current debate on the question posed.

References in the text

All bibliographical references are referred to in the text, in a list placed at the end of the article (with the heading Bibliographies).

The reference in the text or in the notes includes, in brackets, the name(s) of the author(s) and the date of publication:

(Author, 1997) ;
(Author1 and Author2, 1997) ;
(Author et al., 1997) [et al. is used if there are more than two authors];

Multiple references are in the form :

(Author1, 1996; Author2, 1997); (Author, 1996 and 1997).

When the name of the reference author is cited in the text, only the year of publication is shown in brackets:

According to Doe (1997)...

When a quotation is enclosed in quotation marks, we recommend adding the year to the page(s) cited:

(Author, year, p. 000) or (Author, year, p. 000-000).

Final bibliography

References should be listed in alphabetical order in a Bibliography at the end of the manuscript.
For each reference, don't hesitate to mention any web access (URL and, if applicable, DOI), so as to contribute to the openness of science. However, for any publication on the net that does not have a DOI (permanent identifier), please specify after the URL the date on which the site/page cited was consulted: (consulted on xx/xx/xx).
References should be presented in lower case according to the following standards:

Book

Last name First name Initial, Year. Title of book. Place, Publisher, number of pages (format: xx p.).

Paris T., Veltz P., 2010. The knowledge economy and its territories. Paris, Hermann, 314 p.

Special case of a book available on the Internet: Surname First name initial, Year. Title of the book [On-line on distribution organization]. Place, Publisher, number of pages (format: xx p.). URL: clickable link

Fournet F., Meunier-Nikiema A., Salem G., 2008. Ouagadougou (1850-2004): Une urbanisation différenciée [Available on the Internet - OpenEdition]. Marseille, IRD Ed, 143 p. URL: http://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/870 - DOI https://doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.870

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