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Atwater, Tony, ʺEditorial Policy of Ebony before and after the Civil Rights Act of 1964ʺ, Journalism Quarterly 01 (1982), 87-91.
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Brown, DeNeen L., ʺIn Detroit, ‘the rage of oppression.’ For five days in 1967, riots consumed a city’ʺ (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/.
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Chambers, Jason, Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the Advertising Industry (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).
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Myers, Gloria and Margavio, A.V, ʺThe Black Bourgeoisie and Reference Group Change: A Content Analysis of Ebonyʺ, Qualitative Sociology 6, no.6 (1983), 291-307.
Olzak, Susan and Shanahan, Suzanne, ʺDeprivation and Race Riots: An Extension of Spilerman's Analysisʺ, Social Forces 74, no.03 (1996), 931-961.
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Llorens, David, ‘Apostle of Economics’, Ebony, August 1967.
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ʺOpportunity Please Knockʺ, Ebony, August 1967.
Poinsett, Alex, ʺGhetto School, an Educational Wastelandʺ, Ebony, August 1967.
ʺRaces: The Jungle and the Cityʺ, Time, July 29, 1966.
ʺRequest for a Riot Cureʺ, Ebony, December 1966.
Sanders, Stanley, ʺI'll Never Escape the Ghettoʺ, Ebony, August 1967.
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ʺSheriff Tells of Costʺ, The New York Times, 16 August 1967.
Spencer, Robin C., The Revolution Has Come, Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016).
ʺThe Backlash: After Progress and Riots Protest at the Pollsʺ, The New York Times, 02 Oct 1966.
ʺThe Civil Rights Movement in America: From Black Nationalism to the Women's Political Councilʺ, ed. by Peter B. Levy (Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2015).
The Editorial, ʺThe Grim Hot Summer of 1967ʺ, The Crisis, Aug-Sep 1967.
ʺThe Negro Youthʺ, Ebony, August 1967.
ʺThe Rights of Manʺ, Ebony, October 1966.
ʺU.S. Probing Carmichael's Role in Riotʺ, The Washington Post, 12 April 1968.
Walsh, Kenneth T., ʺ50 Years After Race Riots, Issues Remain the Sameʺ, 4 February 2021, https://www.usnews.com/.
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Notes
See, ‘The Negro Youth’, Ebony, August 1967; ‘Letters to the Editors’, Ebony, November 1967, 22.
‘Backstage’, Ebony, March 1968, 26.
John W. Click, ‘Comparison of Editorial Content of Ebony magazine, 1967 and 1974’, Journalism Quarterly 52 (1975), 716-720; Paul M. Hirsh, ‘An Analysis of Ebony: The Magazine and Its Readers’, Journalism Quarterly 45 (1968), 261-292 (265); Gloria Myers and A.V Margavio, ‘The Black Bourgeoisie and Reference Group Change: A Content Analysis of Ebony’, Qualitative Sociology 6 (1983), 291-307.
Michael Leslie, ‘Slow Fade to?: Advertising in Ebony Magazine, 1957–1989’, Journalism &Mass Communication Quarterly 72 (1995), 426-435.
Jason Chambers, Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the Advertising Industry (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), 43.
Tony Atwater ‘Editorial Policy of Ebony before and after the Civil Rights Act of 1964’, Journalism Quarterly 01 (1982), 87-91, Paul Hirsh, An Analysis of Ebony, Ibid.
Korey Bowers Brown, “SOULED OUT: Ebony Magazine in an Age of Black Power, 1965-1975”, (Ph.D. Thesis, Howard University, 2010); E. James West, Ebony Magazine and Lerone Bennett Jr. Popular History in Post War America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2020).
Korey Bowers Brown, SOULED OUT, Ibid.
Charles Simmons, African American Press: A History of News Coverage During National Crises (North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006); Carl Senna; The Black Press and the Struggle for Civil Rights (New York: Franklin Watts, 1993).
Peniel E. Joseph, Waiting 'Til the Midnight Hour (New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2006), 136-138; Peniel E. Joseph, Stokely: A Life (New York: Civitas Books, 2016), 152-153
Joseph, Waiting, Ibid, 143.
Roy Wilkins, ‶Whiter “Black Power”ʺ, The Crisis, Aug-Sep 1966, 354; Simon Hall, ‘The NAACP, Black Power, and the African American Freedom Struggle, 1966–1969’, The Historian 69 (2007), 49-82 (58).
Roy Wilkins, ‶Whiter “Black Power”ʺ, Ibid, 354; Simon Hall, The NAACP, Black Power, and the African American Freedom Struggle, Ibid.
‶Crisis and Commitmentʺ, The New York Times, 15 October 1966, 206; Joseph, Stokely, Ibid, 153.
Curtis J. Austin, Up Against the Wall, Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party (Fayetteville, University of Arkansas Press, 2006), 20.
See for example: Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin Jr, Black against Empire: the History and Politics of the Black Panther Party (Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2013); Curtis J. Austin, Up Against the Wall, Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party (Fayetteville, University of Arkansas Press, 2006); Robin C. Spencer, The Revolution Has Come, Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016).
Kenneth T. Walsh, ‘50 Years After Race Riots, Issues Remain the Same’, 4 February 2021, https://www.usnews.com/.
King/SCLC, Bennett papers, box 2, Lerone Bennett, Jr. papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University.
Susan Olzak et al, ‘Poverty, Segregation, and Race Riots: 1960 to 1993’, American Sociological Review 61 (1996), 590-613; Susan Olzak, Suzanne Shanahan, ‘Deprivation and Race Riots: An Extension of Spilerman's Analysis’, Social Forces 74 (1996), 931-961.
Peter B. Levy, The Great Uprising Race Riots in Urban America during the 1960s (Pennsylvania: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 02.
The Civil Rights Movement in America: From Black Nationalism to the Women's Political Council , ed. by Peter B. Levy (Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2015), 188; Rick Loessberg, ‘Two Societies: The Writing of the Summary of the Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders’, Journal of Urban History 44 (2017), 1039-1061 (p. 1039).
‘The Backlash: After Progress and Riots Protest at the Polls’, The New York Times, 02 Oct 1966, 203.
The Editorial, ‘The Grim Hot Summer of 1967’, The Crisis, Aug-Sep 1967, 334-335; ‘Congressional Investigation of Racial Riot is Proposed’, The Tribune, 26 July 1967, 02.
‘Carmichael, Brown Show At Columbia: Carmichael, Brown Invade Columbia, Back Protesters’, The Washington Post, 27 April 1968, 01; William S. White, ‘Long Hot Summer...: Repeated Cliché Seen as Blackmail’, The Washington Post, 23 May 1967, 17; ‘U.S. Probing Carmichael's Role in Riot’, The Washington Post, 12 April 1968, 01.
‘Races: The Jungle and the City’, Time, July 29, 1966, 11; ‘As we see it, Collision of Subtle Forces Contributed to City's Riots’, Detroit Free Press, 28 July 1967, 06.
‘Detroit Armed Camp’, The Windsor Star, 24 July 1967, 01.
DeNeen L. Brown, “In Detroit, ‘the rage of oppression.’ For five days in 1967, riots consumed a city”’ (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/.
‘Sheriff Tells of Cost’, The New York Times, 16 August 1967, 27; DeNeen L. Brown, In Detroit, Ibid; Kenneth T. Walsh, ‘50 Years After Race Riots, Issues Remain the Same’, Ibid.
‘How Long, Oh Lord, How Long?’, Ebony , September 1967, 106.
, ‘Ebony’, Florida Today, 01 December 1968, 04.
Harry Haywood, ‘Is the Black Bourgeoisie the Leader of the Black Liberation Movement?’, Soulbook, 01 (Summer 1966), 01-81 (71-72); Eddie Ellis, ‘Is Ebony a Negro Magazine’, Liberator, October, 1965, 04-05.
‘Ebony’, Florida Today, Ibid.
John H. Johnson with Lerone Bennett Jr., Succeeding against the Odds, the Autobiography of a Great American Businessman (New York: Amistad Press, 1989), 156-157; John N Ingham & Lynne B. Feldman, Contemporary American Business Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary (London: Greenwood Press, 1990), 377.
‘Request for a Riot Cure’, Ebony, December 1966, 144.
‘The Rights of Man’, Ebony, October 1966, 142.
‘Letters to the editors’, Ebony, December 1966, 13; ‘Letters to the editors’, November, Ebony 1966, 18.
Ibid.
David Llorens, Titles, Labels, or People? In Search of Commitment, box 22, folder 5, Hoyt Fuller Papers, Clark Atlanta University, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Special Collections, Atlanta. GA; Lerone Bennett Jr, Interview, box 7, Lerone Bennett, Jr. papers.
Korey Brown, SOULED OUT, Ibid, p. 140.
‘Ebony Changes Style’, Emporia Gazette, 26 March 1968, 04.
Jason Chambers, Madison Avenue, 62, Ibid.
John H. Johnson, ‘Ebony Magazine: On Turning 30’, The Washington Post, 21 November 1975, p.A19.
Ibid; ‘Request for a Riot Cure’, Ebony, December 1966, 144.
‘Backstage’, Ebony, July 1967, 25; ‘Backstage’, Ebony, August 1967, 19.
John H. Johnson, ‘Publisher statement’, Ebony, August 1967, 21.
National advisory of Civil Disorder, 06, http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf
Phyl Garland, ‘The Gang Phenomenon: Big City Headache’, Ebony, August 1967, 96-103; David Llorens, ‘Apostle of Economics’, Ebony, August 1967, 78-86; Stanley Sanders, ‘I'll Never Escape the Ghetto’, Ebony, August 1967, 30-36.
Walter Goodman, ‘Ebony, The Black Man's Life’, Florida Today, 1 December 1968, p.04E.
Alex Poinsett, ‘Ghetto School, an Educational Wasteland’, Ebony, August 1967, 52-57; Kenneth B. Clark, ‘The Search for Identity’, Ebony, August 1967, 39-42.
Alex Poinsett, ‘Ghetto School, an Educational Wasteland’, Ibid, 42.
Stanley Sanders, ‘I'll Never Escape the Ghetto'’, Ibid; David Llorens, ‘Apostle of Economics’, Ibid; Ebony, August 1967, 78-86; , ‘Opportunity Please Knock’, Ebony, August 1967, 104-107.
‘A Challenge to Youth’, Ebony, August 1967, 144.
Ibid.
‘Father Groppi is Negative’, Portage Daily Register, 2 September 1967, 02.
‘Letters to the Editors’, Ebony, October 1967, 15-16.
‘HHH, Riots Study Penal Get Ebony Special Edition’, Jet, 24 August 1967, 20-21.
‘Backstage’, Ebony, March 1968, 26.
The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder to Bennett, 11 September 1967, Kerner report 67-8, Box 6, Lerone Bennett, Jr. papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University.
‘Ebony Mag Points to 'Positivism’, South Side Bulletin, 7 August 1968, 09.
Rob Cuscaden, Ebony Surveys the Market, Hoyt Fuller Collection, box 21, folder 19.
‘Backstage’, Ebony, January 1970, 25.
Brent Staples, “The Radical Blackness of Ebony Magazine”, accessed 11 July 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/.
‘Letters to the Editors’, Ebony, November 1967, 22.
‘Backstage’, Ebony, January 1971, 24.
‘Letters to the Editors’, Ebony, November 1966, p.17.
Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, Hearings, Ibid, 395.
Korey Brown, SOULED OUT, Ibid, p. 140.
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