Notes
Colls, John F., Utilitarianism Unmasked (London, George Bell, 1844), p.19. On this essay, see Conway, Stephen, ‘J. F. Colls, M. A. Gathercole, and Utilitarianism Unmasked: A Neglected Episode in the Anglican Response to Bentham’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 45, no. 3 (July 1994), pp.435-47.
Colls, J., Utilitarianism Unmasked, pp.17-19, original emphases.
On the liberty of taste, see Quinn, Malcolm, ‘Jeremy Bentham on Liberty of Taste’, History of European Ideas, 43, no. 6 (2017), pp.614-27. On the liberty of taste and religion, see Koh, Tsin Yen, ‘Bentham on Asceticism and Tyranny’, History of European Ideas, 45, no. 1 (2019), pp.1-14.
Bentham, Jeremy, ‘Auto-Icon’ in Bentham’s Auto-Icon and Related Writings, ed. James E. Crimmins (Bristol, Thoemmes Press, 2002), p.1.
Schofield, Philip, Utility and Democracy: The Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham (Oxford, Oxford University Press), p.338. On the history of the text and Bentham’s Auto-Icon, see Marmoy, C. F. A., ‘The ‘Auto-Icon’ of Jeremy Bentham at University College, London’, Medical History, 2, no. 2 (April 1958), pp.77-86.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.2.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.1-2.
There is a list in Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.7.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.15.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.6.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.5.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.6.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.12-15.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.4-5.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.7-10.
Colls, Utilitarianism Unmasked, pp.57-59.
‘Art. VIII. – Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham. Including Autobiographical Conversations and Correspondence.’, Edinburgh Review, 78, no. 158 (Oct 1843), p.461.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, p.512.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, p.515.
See for example Collings, David, ‘Bentham’s Auto-Icon: Utilitarianism and the Evisceration of the Common Body’, Prose Studies, 23, no. 3 (2000), pp.95-127; Lindsay, Shana G., ‘Motui Docent Vivos: Jeremy Bentham and Marcel Broodthaers in Figures of Wax’, Oxford Art Journal, 36, no. 1 (2013), pp.93-107.
Notes and Queries, 4th ser., Nov. 15 1873, vol. XII, p. 387. But see Marmoy, C. F. A., ‘The ‘Auto-Icon’ of Jeremy Bentham’, on the authenticity of ‘Auto-Icon’.
Schofield, P., Utility and Democracy, p.338.
Schofield, P., Utility and Democracy, p.342.
Bentham used this method to similar effect in The White Bull, 2 vols. (London, J. Bew, 1764). The work is a translation of Voltaire’s fable of the same name (and so the effect comes from Voltaire’s original text), but Bentham uses the same method in his preface to the translation, which comprises the first volume of the work.
‘A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm’ and ‘Sensus Communis: an Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour in a Letter to a Friend’ are in Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Third Earl of Shaftesbury, Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ed. Lawrence E. Klein (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999). See Klein’s ‘Introduction’, p.xi.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.30.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.36.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.33.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.33.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.37.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.30.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.31.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.31.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.34.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.35.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, pp.34-35.
See Klein, Lawrence, Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness: Moral Discourse and Cultural Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century England (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994), especially the introduction and chs. 5 and 10.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.31.
See Klein’s ‘Introduction’ in Klein, L., Characteristics, pp.xiii-xiv: he implies that ‘polite’ writing (as opposed to lectures or sermons, for example) was characterized, for Shaftesbury, by humour, playfulness, variety, open-endedness, informality, a conversational quality, and skepticism.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.32.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, pp.36-37.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.36.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.31.
This loosely follows the reading of Shaftesbury in Klein, L., Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness. Klein argued that Shaftesbury brought together philosophy and good breeding, ethics and aesthetics, and in doing so emphasized the social and cultural context of liberty.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, pp.37-38 for different opinions.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.48.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, pp.50-53.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.65.
Shaftesbury, ‘Sensus Communis’, p.63.
Klein, L., Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness, p.198.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.1, 17-19.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.18.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.6.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.6.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.6.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.13.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.15.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.4-5.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.11.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.3, 9-12.
In ‘A Letter Concerning Enthusiasm’, for example.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.3.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.4.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.3-4.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.7.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.15.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.2.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, pp.2, 4-5.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.13.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.15.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.21.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.7.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, 514.
The phrase is from Bentham, Jeremy, Book of Fallacies, ed. Philip Schofield (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015).
I have in mind published works such as Bentham, Jeremy, Swear Not At All (London, R. Hunter, 1817) and Bentham, Jeremy, Church-of-Englandism and its Catechism Examined, ed. James E. Crimmins and Catherine Fuller (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011), which stop short of declaring open war on Christianity. ‘Auto-Icon’ goes further too, I think, than Bentham’s pseudonymously published works such as Smith, Gamaliel, Not Paul, But Jesus (London, John Hunt, 1823), which ostensibly defends the religion of Jesus against the incursions of Paul, and Beauchamp, Philip, Analysis of the Influence of Natural Religion (London, R. Carlile, 1822), which ostensibly confines its criticism to natural religion, and not to revealed religion.
Bentham, Jeremy, ‘The Rationale of Reward’ in The Works of Jeremy Bentham, ed. John Bowring (New York, Russell & Russell, 1962 [1843]), Vol. III, p.253.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, pp.508-09.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, p.513.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, p.514.
‘Memoirs of Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review, p.515.
Bentham, J., ‘Auto-Icon’, p.15.
Shaftesbury,‘Sensus Communis’, pp.65-67.
Bentham, Jeremy, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, ed. J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995 [1970]), p.26, note d.
Bentham, Jeremy, Deontology Together with A Table of the Springs of Action and Article on Utilitarianism, ed. Amnon Goldworth (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983), p.26.
Bentham, J., ‘Rationale of Reward’, p.254. I thank Malcolm Quinn for drawing my attention to this passage.
Bentham, J., ‘Rationale of Reward’, p.254.
Bentham, J., ‘Rationale of Reward’, p.254.
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