Manuscript sources
ADCM (Archives départementales de la Charente-Maritime, La Rochelle)
Register of notarial deeds: 3E2149 (1565).
ADG (Archives départementales de la Gironde, Bordeaux)
Register of notarial deeds: 3E 5424 (1584); 3E 5425 (1585); 3E 5427 (1586); 3E 5428 (1587).
ADSM (Archives départementales de la Seine-Maritime, Rouen)
Register of notarial deeds: 2E 1/881 (1563-1564).
AN/MCN (Archives notariales [Paris], minutier central des notaires)
Registers of notarial deeds: LIX-25 (1562); IX-149 (1568); III-436 (1569); III-321 (1570);
LIX-27 (1572); XCI-124 (1573); IX-154 (1573); III-437 (1578); XX-135 (1579); I-49 (1580); XXXV-36 (1580); XX-128 (1581); IX-162 (1581); III-191 (1584); XCI-130 (1584); IX-111 (1584); XLV-160 (1585); XXIII-135 (1591); XCIX-65 (1599); I-41 (1603); LXXXVI-212 (1606); XV-48 (1607); X-13 (1610); XLII-77 (1630).
Printed sources
Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene
1998 “Terra Nova through the Iberian Looking Glass: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery in the 16th Century”, Canadian Historical Review 79 (1): 100-117.
Baart, Jan
1988 “Glass Beads in Amsterdam”, Historical Archaeology 22 (1): 67-75.
Bacqueville de La Potherie, Claude-Charles Le Roy (de)
1722 Histoire de l’Amérique septentrionale, vol. III. Paris, Jean-Luc Nion et François Didot.
Beauchamp, William M.
1901 Wampum and Shell Articles Used by the New York Indians. Albany, NY, University of the State of New York.
Beaudry, René and Robert Le Blant
1967 Nouveaux documents sur Champlain et son époque. Ottawa, Archives publiques du Canada.
Biggar, Henry P.
1901 Early Trading Companies to New France. New York, Argonaut Press.
1922-1936 The Works of Samuel de Champlain, vols. I-VI. Toronto, The Champlain Society.
1930 A Collection of Documents Relating to Jacques Cartier and the Sieur De Roberval. Ottawa, Archives publiques du Canada.
Boucher, François
1996 Histoire du Costume en Occident des origines à nos jours. Paris, Flammarion.
Bradley, James
1983 “Blue Crystals and Other Trinkets: Glass Beads from 16th and Early 17th Century New England”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1982 Glass Trade Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 16: 29-40.
1987 Evolution of the Onondaga Iroquois: Accomodating Change, 1500-1655. Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press.
2007 Before Albany: An Archaeology of Native-Dutch Relations in the Capital Region, 1600-1664. Museum Bulletin 509. Albany, The University of State of New York.
2011 “Revisiting Wampum and Other 17th Century Shell Games”, Archaeology of Eastern North America 39: 25-51.
Bradley, James and S. Terry Childs
1991 “Basque Earrings and Panther’s Tails: The Form of Cross-Cultural Contact in 16th Century Iroquoia”, in Robert M. Ehrenreich (ed.), Metals in Society: Theory Beyond Analysis. Philadelphia, The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania: 7-17.
Brébeuf, Jean (de)
1996 [1636] «Relation de ce qui s’est passé dans le pays des Hurons en l’année 1636 […]», in Gilles Thérien (ed.), Jean de Brébeuf: écrits en Huronie, Montreal, Leméac.
Cartier, Jacques
1986 [1534-1542] Relations, Michel Bideaux (ed.). Montreal, University of Montreal Press.
Ceci, Lynn
1977 “The Effect of European Contact and Trade on the Settlement Pattern of Indians of Coastal New York, 1524-1665”, The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence”, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in anthropology. New York, City University of New York.
1985 “Shell Bead Evidence From Archaelological Sites in the Seneca Region of New York State”, paper presented at the Annual Conference on Iroquois Research. Rensselaerville, New York.
1989 “Tracing Wampum’s Origins: Shell Bead Evidence from Archaeological Sites in Western and Coastal New York”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 Shell Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 20: 63-80.
1990 “Native Wampum as a Peripheral Resource in the 17th Century World-System”, in Laurence M. Hauptman and James D. Wherry (eds.), The Pequots in Southern New England: The Rise and Fall of an American Indian Nation. Norman, Londres, University of Oklahoma Press.
Cell, Gillian
1969 English Enterprise in Newfoundland, 1577-1660. Toronto and Buffalo, University of Toronto Press.
Champlain, Samuel (de)
2019 [1598-1619] Les Œuvres complètes de Champlain, vol. I, Éric Thierry (ed.). Quebec, Septentrion.
Chapdelaine, Claude
2016 “Saint Lawrence Iroquoians as Middlemen of Observers: Review of Evidence in the Middle and Upper Saint Lawrence Valley”, in Brad Loewen and Claude Chapdelaine (eds.), Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers, and Farmers. Ottawa, Canadian Museum of History, University of Ottawa Press: 149-170.
Chapdelaine, Claude and Gregory Kennedy
1990 “The Origin of an Iroquoian Rim Sherd from Red Bay”, Man in the Northeast 40: 41-43.
Claassen, Cheryl
2019 “Shells Below, Stars Above: Four Perspectives on Shell Beads”, Southeastern Archaeology 38 (2): 89-94.
Delmas, Vincent
2016 “Beads and Trade Routes: Tracing 16th Century Beads Around the Gulf and into the Saint Lawrence Valley”, in Brad Loewen and Claude Chapdelaine (eds.), Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers, and Farmers. Gatineau, Canadian Museum of History, University of Ottawa Press: 77-115.
Dickason, Olive P.
1996 “Wampum”, in Frederick Hoxie (ed.), Encyclopedia of North American Indian. Boston, Houghton Mifflin: 263-265.
Farcy, Louis (de)
1890 La Broderie du xie siècle à nos jours. Angers, Belhomme.
Fenton, William N.
1985 “Structure, Continuity, and Change in the Process of Iroquois Treaty Making”, in Francis Jennings (ed.), The History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy. Syracuse, Syracuse University Press: 3-36.
Fenton, William N.
1998 The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press.
Fiset, Richard and Gilles Samson
2013 Chantier archéologique Cartier-Roberval: rapport synthèse des fouilles 2007-2008. Quebec, ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec.
Fitzgerald, William
1990 “Chronology to Cultural Process. Lower Great Lakes Archaeology, 1500-1650”, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Montreal, McGill University.
Fitzgerald, William et al.
1995 “Untanglers of Matters Temporal and Cultural: Glass Beads and the Early Contact Period Huron Ball Site”, Canadian Journal of Archaeology 19: 117-138.
Glen, Jean (de)
1601 Des habits, mœurs, cérémonies et façons de faire anciens et modernes du monde […] avec les pourtraicts des habits taillés. Liège, Jean de Glen.
Greimas, Algirdas Julien
1992 Dictionnaire du moyen français: la Renaissance. Paris, Larousse.
Hamel, Nathalie
1995 «Les perles de verre du site du Palais de l’Intendant à Québec», Mémoires vives 9: 10-16.
Hamell, George R.
1983 “Trading and Metaphors: The Magic of Beads”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1982 Glass Trade Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum Science Center Research Record 16: 5-28.
1986 “Life’s Immortal Shell: Wampum Among the Iroquois”. Paper presented at the 1986 Shell Bead Conference, Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum Science Center Research Record.
1992 “The Iroquois and the World’s Rim: Speculations on Color, Culture, and Contact”, American Indian Quarterly 26 (4): 451-469.
1996 “Wampum”, in Alexandra Van Dongen (ed.), One Man’s Trash is Another’s Man’s Treasure. Rotterdam, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen: 41-51.
Heidenreich, Conrad
1990 «History of the Saint-Lawrence-Great Lakes Area», in Chris Ellis and Neal Ferris (eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to AD. 1650. London, Occasional Publication of the London Chapter: 475-492.
Jarnoux, Philippe
1995 «Itinéraires oubliés: les Indiens en Europe aux xvie et xviie siècles», in Jean-Pierre Sanchez (ed.), Dans le sillage de Colomb: l’Europe du Ponant et la découverte du Nouveau Monde (1450-1650). Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes: 311-329.
2008 «Puissance du spectacle, spectacle de l’impuissance: les Indiens dans le royaume de France aux xvie et xviie siècles», communication présentée au 138e congrès du CTHS (Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques), Migrations, transferts et échanges de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique. Québec, Laval University.
JR, Jesuit Relations
1898 [1636] The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610-1791: The Original French, Latin, and Italian Texts, with English Translations and Notes, vol. 8, Reuben Gold Thwaites (ed.). Cleveland, The Burrow Brothers Co.
Karklins, Karlis
1974 “Seventeenth Century Dutch Beads”, Historical Archaeology 8: 64-82.
1990 “Dominique Bussolin on the Glass-Bead Industry of Murano and Venice (1847)”, Carol F. Adams (trans.), Beads. Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers 2: 69-84.
1992 Trade Ornament Usage Among the Native Peoples of Canada: A Source Book. Ottawa, National Historic Parks Service, Studies in Archaeology, Architecture and History.
2016 “Frit-Core Beads in North America”, Beads. Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers 28: 60-65.
Karklins, Karlis and Adelphine Bonneau
2018 “More on Frit-Core Beads in North America”, Beads. Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers 30: 55-59.
Kelsey, Penelope Myrtle
2014 Reading the Wampum: Essays on Hodinöhsö:ni’ Visual Code and Epistemological Recovery. Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press.
Kent, Barry C.
1984 Susquehanna’s Indians. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
Kenyon, Ian T. and Kenyon Thomas
1983 “Comments on Seventeenth Century Glass Trade Beads from Ontario”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1982 Glass Trade Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Museum and Science Centre, Research Record 16: 59-74.
Kenyon, Ian T. and William Fitzgerald
1986 “Dutch Glass Beads in the Northeast: An Ontario Perspective”, Man in the Northeast 32: 1-34.
Kidd, Kenneth E.
1970 A Classification System for Glass Beads for the Use of Field Archaeologists. Ottawa, Canadian Historic Sites, Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 1, Environment Canada.
1979 Glass Bead-Making from the Middle Ages to the Early 19th Century. Ottawa, History and Archaeology 30, National Historic Parks, Environment Canada.
Kuhn, Robert D. and Robert E. Funk
1994 “Mohawk Interaction Patterns During the 16th Century”, in Charles F. Hayes III (ed.), Proceedings of the 1992 People to People Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 23: 77-84.
Lafitau, François Joseph
1724 Mœurs des sauvages amériquains comparées aux mœurs des premiers temps, vols. I-IV. Paris, Saugrain et Charles-Estienne Hochereau.
Lahontan, Louis-Armand (baron de)
1990 [1703] Nouveaux Voyages dans l’Amérique septentrionale, in Œuvres complètes, Réal Ouellet (ed.). Montreal, Presses de l’université de Montréal.
Lenig, Wayne
1999 “Patterns of Material Culture During the Early Years of New Netherland Trade”, Northeast Anthropology 58: 47-74.
Lennox, Paul A. and William Fitzgerald
1990 “The Cultural History and Archaeology of the Neutral Iroquoians”, in Chris J. Ellis and Neal Ferris (eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, London, Ontario: 405-446.
Lescarbot, Marc
1609 Histoire de la Nouvelle-France. Paris, Jean Millot.
Lespinasse, René (de)
1886-1897 Les Métiers et corporations de la ville de Paris (xive-xviiie siècle). Paris, Imprimerie Nationale.
Litalien, Raymonde
1993 Les Explorateurs de l’Amérique du Nord 1492-1795. Quebec, Septentrion.
Loewen, Brad
2016 “Sixteenth-Century Beads: New Data, New Directions”, in Brad Loewen and Claude Chapdelaine (eds.), Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers, and Farmers. Ottawa, Museum of Canadian History, University of Ottawa Press: 269-288.
Marie de l’Incarnation
1971 [1634-1671] Correspondance, Dom Guy Oury (ed.). Solesmes, Abbaye Saint-Pierre.
Marier, Christiane
1996 Les Menus Objets de Place Royale. Quebec, Les publications du Québec.
Miller, Henry et al.
1983 “Beads from the 17th Century Chesapeake”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1982 Glass Trade Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 16: 127-144.
Moreau, Jean-François
1994 «Des perles de la protohistoire au Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean?», Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 24 (1-2): 31-48.
Moussette, Marcel and Françoise Niellon
1985 Le Site de l’habitation de Champlain à Québec: étude de la collection archéologique. Quebec, Publications du Québec.
Neis, Cordula
2018 “European Conceptions of “Exotic” Writing Systems in the 17th and 18th Centuries”, Language and History 61 (1): 1-13.
Peña, Elizabeth
1990 “Wampum Production in New Netherland and Colonial New York: The Historical and Archaeological Context”, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Boston University.
Pendergast, James
1989 “The Significance of Some Marine Shell Excavated on Iroquoian Archaeological Sites in Ontario”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 Shell Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 20: 97-106.
Quinn, David B.
1977 North America from Earliest Discovery to First Settlements: The Norse Voyages to 1612. New York, NY, Norton.
1979 New American World: A Documentary History of North America to 1612. New York, NY, Arno and Bye.
Ramsden, Peter
1990 “The Hurons: Archaeology and Culture History”, in Chris J. Ellis and Neal Ferris (eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Londres, Ontario, Occasional Publication of the London Chapter: 361-384.
Sagard, Gabriel
1636 Histoire du Canada […]. Paris, Claude Sonnius.
1998 [1632] Le Grand Voyage du pays des Hurons, suivi de Dictionnaire de la langue huronne, Jack Warwick (ed.). Montréal, University of Montreal Press.
Sempowski, Martha L.
1989 “Fluctuations Through Time in the Use of Marine Shell at Seneca Iroquois Sites”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 Shell Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Museum and Science Center Research Record 20: 81-96.
Snow, Dean
1994 The Iroquois. Blackwell, Oxford and Cambridge.
1995 Mohawk Valley Archaeology: The Sites. Matson Museum of Anthropology, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Trigger, Bruce
1985 Natives and Newcomers: Canada’s “Heroic Age” Reconsidered. Montreal/Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
1991 “Early Native North American Responses to European Contact: Romantic versus Rationalistic Interpretations”, The Journal of American History 77 (4): 1195-1215.
Turgeon, Laurier
2001 “French Beads in France and Northeastern North America During the 16th Century”, Historical Archaeology 35 (4): 58-82.
2019 Une histoire de la Nouvelle-France: Français et Amérindiens au xvie siècle. Paris, Belin.
Vachon, André
1970 «Colliers et ceintures de porcelaine chez les Indiens de la Nouvelle-France», Les Cahiers des Dix 35: 251-278.
1971 «Colliers et ceintures de porcelaine dans la diplomatie indienne», Les Cahiers des Dix 36: 179-192.
Van Ossel, Paul
1991 Les Jardins du Carrousel à Paris: Fouilles 1989-1990. Paris, Service régional de l’archéologie d’Île-de-France, ministère de la Culture, de la Communication et des Grands Travaux.
Vecellio, Cesare
1860 [1590] Costumes anciens et modernes, trans. from the Italian by Armand Lacombe. Paris, Didot Frères.
Whitehead, Ruth
1993 Nova Scotia: The Protohistoric Period, 1500-1630. Halifax, NS, Curatorial Report 75, Nova Scotia Museum.
Williamson, Ronald F. et al.
2016 “Looking Eastward: 15th and Early 16th Century Exchange Systems of the North Shore Ancestral Wendat”, in Brad Loewen and Claude Chapdelaine (eds.), Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers, and Farmers. Ottawa, Museum of Canadian History, University of Ottawa Press: 235-255.
Wolters, Natacha
1996 Les Perles: au fil du textile. Paris, Syros.
Wray, Charles F.
1983 “Seneca Glass Trade Beads, c. A.D. 1550-1820”, in Charles F. Hayes III and Lynn Ceci (eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 Shell Bead Conference. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center Research Record 20: 41-50.
Wray, Charles F. et al.
1987 The Adams and Culbertson Sites. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center, The Charles F. Wray Series in Archaeology, vol. I.
1991 Tram and Cameron: Two Early Contact Era Seneca Sites. Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum and Science Center, The Charles F. Wray Series in Archaeology, vol. II