Bibliographie
Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1976.
Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacres et simulation. Paris: Editions Galilée, 1981.
———. Simulations. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), Inc., 1983.
Bryman, Alan. Disney and his Worlds. London: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
———. The Disneyization of Society. London: Sage Publications, 2004.
Bukatman, Scott. “There’s Always Tomorrowland: Disney and the Hypercinematic Experience.” October 57 (July 1991): 55-78.
Certeau, Michel de. L’Invention du quotidien, 1. Arts de faire, edited by Luce Giard. Paris: Gallimard, 1990.
Eco, Umberto. Travels in Hyper Reality: Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
Fjellman, Stephen M. Vinyl Leaves: Walt Disney World And America. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Foglesong, Richard E. Married to the Mouse: Walt Disney World and Orlando. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Francaviglia, Richard V. “History after Disney: The Significance of 'Imagineered' Historical Places.” The Public Historian 17, no 4 (October 1995): 69-74.
———. “Main Street U.S.A.: A Comparison/Contrast of Streetscapes in Disneyland and Walt Disney World.” The Journal of Popular Culture 15, no 1 (June 1981): 141-56.
Gottdiener, Mark. “Disneyland, A Utopian Urban Space.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 11, no 2 (July 1982): 139 -62.
Greenberg, Douglas. “'History Is a Luxury': Mrs. Thatcher, Mr. Disney, and (Public) History.” Reviews in American History 26, no 1 (March 1998): 294-311.
Halevy, Julian. “Disneyland and Las Vegas.” The Nation, June 7, 1958.
King, Margaret J. “Disneyland and Walt Disney World: Traditional Values in Futuristic Form.” The Journal of Popular Culture 15, no 1 (June 1981): 116-40.
Kuenz, Jane, Susan Willis, Shelton Waldrep, and Stanley Fish. Inside the Mouse: Work and Play at Disney World, The Project on Disney. Durham: Duke University Press Books, 1995.
Van Maanen, John. “Displacing Disney: Some Notes on the Flow of Culture.” Qualitative Sociology 15, no 1 (1992): 5-35.
Van Maanen, John, and Gideon Kunda. “Real Feelings: Emotional Expressions and Organization Culture.” Research in Organizational Behavior 11 (1989): 43-102.
Van Maanen, John. “The Smile Factory: Working at Disneyland.” In Reframing Organizational Culture, edited by Peter J. Frost, Larry F. Moore, Meryl Reis Louis, Craig C. Lundberg, and Joanne Martin, 58-77. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1991.
Mannheim, Steve. Walt Disney and the Quest for Community. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
Marin, Louis. “Dégénérescence utopique : Disneyland.” In Utopiques : jeux d’espace, 297-324. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1973.
Marling, Karal Ann. “Disneyland, 1955: Just Take the Santa Ana Freeway to the American Dream.” American Art 5, no 1/2 (January 1991): 169-207.
Marling, Karal Ann, ed. Designing Disney’s Theme Parks: The Architecture of Reassurance. New York: Rizzoli / Flammarion, 1998.
Moore, Alexander. “Walt Disney World: Bounded Ritual Space and the Playful Pilgrimage Center.” Anthropological Quarterly 53, no 4 (October 1980): 207-18.
Moore, Charles W. “You Have to Pay for The Public Life.” In You Have to Pay for the Public Life: Selected Essays of Charles W. Moore, edited by Kevin Keim, 111-141. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004.
Raz, Aviad E. “The Hybridization of Organizational Culture in Tokyo Disneyland” 5, no 2 (1999): 235.
Rotter, Julian B. Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1954.
Smoodin, Eric. “How to Read Walt Disney.” In Disney Discourse: Producing the Magic Kingdom, edited by Eric Smoodin, 1-20. New York: Routledge, 1994.
Sorkin, Michael. Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space. New York: Hill and Wang, 1992.
Swidler, Ann. “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies.” American Sociological Review 51, no 2 (April 1986): 273-86.
Telotte, J. P. The Mouse Machine: Disney and Technology. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
Wallace, Mike. “Mickey Mouse History: Portraying the Past at Disney World.” Radical History Review 1985, no 32 (January 1985): 33 -57.
Yoshimoto, Mitsuko. “Images of Empire: Tokyo Disneyland and Japanese Cultural Imperialism.” In Disney Discourse: Producing the Magic Kingdom, edited by Eric Smoodin, 181-202. New York: Routledge, 1994.
Zukin, Sharon. Landscapes of Power: From Detroit to Disney World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
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Notes
The expression “landscape of power” is borrowed from sociology professor Sharon Zukin. See: Sharon Zukin, Landscapes of Power: From Detroit to Disney World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
Julian Halevy, "Disneyland and Las Vegas,” The Nation, June 7, 1958, 511-13.
Charles W. Moore, "You Have to Pay for The Public Life,” in You Have to Pay for the Public Life: Selected Essays of Charles W. Moore, ed. Kevin Keim (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004), 128.
Moore, "You Have to Pay for The Public Life,” 124-26.
The term locus of control was first introduced by psychologist Julian B. Rotter as part of his social-learning theory of personality. Julian B. Rotter, Social Learning and Clinical Psychology, (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1954).
Zukin, Landscapes of Power, 217; Alan Bryman, Disney and his Worlds (London: Taylor & Francis, 2007), 88-92.
For a presentation of the parks’ overall design, see: Richard V. Francaviglia, "Main Street U.S.A.: A Comparison/Contrast of Streetscapes in Disneyland and Walt Disney World,” The Journal of Popular Culture 15, no 1 (June 1981): 141-56; Karal Ann Marling, "Disneyland, 1955: Just Take the Santa Ana Freeway to the American Dream,” American Art 5, no 1/2 (January, 1991): 169-207; Designing Disney’s Theme Parks: The Architecture of Reassurance, ed. Karal Ann Marling (New York: Rizzoli / Flammarion, 1998); Steve Mannheim, Walt Disney and the Quest for Community (Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2003).
For a discussion of the parks’ presentation of history and technology, see for instance: Scott Bukatman, "There’s Always Tomorrowland: Disney and the Hypercinematic Experience,” October 57 (July, 1991): 55-78; .
See: Louis Marin, "Dégénérescence utopique : Disneyland,” in Utopiques : jeux d’espace (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1973), 297-324; Umberto Eco, Travels in Hyper Reality: Essays (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986); Jean Baudrillard, Simulations (Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), Inc., 1983); Stephen M. Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves: Walt Disney World And America (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
Though it was the first book of this length and scope, the ideas Vinyl Leaves presented were not entirely unfamiliar to American scholars, since earlier articles and essays had dealt with the same objects and approaches. Mark Gottdiener, for instance, had already published a semiotic reading of the park, while in 1992 Michael Sorkin edited and published Variations on a Theme Park, a book on the “city of simulations, television city, the city as theme park” whose architecture, he remarked, “is almost purely semiotics, playing the game of grafted signification, theme-park building” (p. xiv). Inside the Mouse, another book published in 1995, also drew from Marxism and post-modernism to reach conclusions mostly similar to Fjellman’s. See: Mark Gottdiener, "Disneyland, A Utopian Urban Space,” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 11, no 2 (July, 1982): 139-62; Michael Sorkin, Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: Hill and Wang, 1992); Jane Kuenz et al., Inside the Mouse: Work and Play at Disney World, The Project on Disney (Durham: Duke University Press Books, 1995).
Marin’s original reads: “[le] rapport imaginaire que la classe dominante de la société américaine entretient avec ses conditions réelles d’existence.” Marin, "Dégénérescence utopique : Disneyland,” 298; Eco, Travels in Hyper Reality, 48; Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 9-10.
Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 255.
Eco, Travels in Hyper Reality, 7; Baudrillard, Simulations, 6. Baudrillard’s original reads: “[la simulation] part de la négation radicale du signe comme valeur, part du signe comme réversion et mise à mort de toute référence.” Jean Baudrillard, Simulacres et simulation (Paris: Editions Galilée, 1981), 16.
Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 256.
Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 165.
Eco, Travels in Hyper Reality, 43.
Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 300.
Eco, Travels in Hyper Reality, 48; Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 18.
Marin explains: “le ‘contenu’ de l’utopie, c’est l’organisation de l’espace comme texte ; le texte utopique, sa structuration formelle et ses procès opérationnels, c’est la constitution du discours comme un espace.” Marin, "Dégénérescence utopique : Disneyland,” 24; Gottdiener, "Disneyland, A Utopian Urban Space,” 144.
Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves, 72.
Baudrillard, Simulations, 25. The original reads: “L’imaginaire de Disneyland n’est ni vrai ni faux, c’est une machine de dissuasion mise en scène pour régénérer en contre-champ la fiction du réel. D’où la débilité de cet imaginaire, sa dégénérescence infantile. Ce monde se veut enfantin pour faire croire que les adultes sont ailleurs, dans le monde ‘réel’, et pour cacher que la véritable infantilité est partout, et c’est celle des adultes eux-mêmes qui viennent jouer ici à l’enfant pour faire illusions sur leur infantilité réelle.” Baudrillard, Simulacres et simulation, 24.
Michel de Certeau, L’Invention du quotidien, 1. Arts de faire, ed. Luce Giard (Paris: Gallimard, 1990), xxxvi, 240.
Moore, "You Have to Pay for The Public Life,” 126.
Alexander Moore, "Walt Disney World: Bounded Ritual Space and the Playful Pilgrimage Center,” Anthropological Quarterly 53, no 4 (October, 1980): 207, 213.
Ann Swidler, "Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies,” American Sociological Review 51, no 2 (avril 1, 1986): 273.
John Van Maanen, "The Smile Factory: Working at Disneyland,” in Reframing Organizational Culture, eds Peter J. Frost et al. (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1991), 58-77.
Van Maanen, "The Smile Factory," 61-2.
Van Maanen, "The Smile Factory," 62-3.
Van Maanen, "The Smile Factory," 71.
John Van Maanen et al., "Real Feelings: Emotional Expressions and Organization Culture,” Research in Organizational Behavior 11 (1989): 43-102.
Van Maanen et al., "Real Feelings," 64.
Van Maanen et al., "Real Feelings," 68-70.
Van Maanen et al., "Real Feelings," 65.
John Van Maanen, "Displacing Disney: Some Notes on the Flow of Culture,” Qualitative Sociology 15, no 1 (1992): 5-35.
Van Maanen, "Displacing Disney," 22; Mitsuko Yoshimoto, "Images of Empire: Tokyo Disneyland and Japanese Cultural Imperialism,” in Disney Discourse: Producing the Magic Kingdom, ed. Eric Smoodin (New York: Routledge, 1994), 197.
Van Maanen, "Displacing Disney,” 22.
Yoshimoto, "Images of Empire: Tokyo Disneyland and Japanese Cultural Imperialism,” 197. E.A. Raz gives a similar account of ‘selective hybridity’ in the area of organizational culture at Tokyo Disneyland. As Raz notes: “The process of hydridization consisted of selective insertion — namely, incorporation as well as rejection — yet no practice or ideology were actually invented for that purpose. Moreover, the ‘American’ and the ‘Japanese’ were combined in TDL [Tokyo Disneyland] in a manner that maintained their boundaries. The Disney Way [an in-house training program directly imported from the American parks] became the hallmark of part-timers and front-line employees, while the socialization of regular workers destined for promotion remained typically Japanese.” Aviad E. Raz, "The Hybridization of Organizational Culture in Tokyo Disneyland" 5, no 2 (1999): 258-59.
Van Maanen, "The Smile Factory,” 59.
Richard E. Foglesong, Married to the Mouse: Walt Disney World and Orlando (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 71.
Foglesong, Married to the Mouse, 124.
Alan Bryman, The Disneyization of Society (London: Sage Publications, 2004), 159.
Bryman, The Disneyization of Society, 5.
Bryman, Disney and his Worlds, 159.
Bryman, The Disneyization of Society, 79.
Bryman, The Disneyization of Society, 12.
Eric Smoodin, "How to Read Walt Disney,” in Disney Discourse: Producing the Magic Kingdom, ed. Eric Smoodin (New York: Routledge, 1994), 3.
Roland Barthes, S/Z (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1976).
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