Dictionaries, glossaries and primary sources
Anonymous, undated, “Welsh Coal Mines: glossary”, available at http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/Glossary.htm, accessed 21 March 2022.
Bristol Archives, Scrapbook containing information about Dramway, pits, miners, Kingswood Forest. 20th Century, 40704/box5/5.
Craigie William et al., Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, Dictionaries of the Scots Language, available at http://www.dsl.ac.uk.
DOST see Craigie William et al. (Eds.), 1921-2002.
EDD see Wright, 1898-1905.
EDG see Wright, 1905.
GPC see Thomas Richard J. et al. (Eds.), 1950‒2002.
Jennings James, 1869 [1825], The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire; with a glossary of words now in use there, [etc.], revised second edition by Jennings James Knight, London: John Russell Smith.
Lewis Robert E., Kuhn Sherman, Kurath Hans et al. (Eds.), 2007 [1950‒2001], Middle English Dictionary, online edition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, available at https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary.
Llanharan Colliery, [c1950]-1958, Glamorgan Archives, National Coal Board, Photographic collection DNCB/14/2/10/34-44, available at http://calmview.cardiff.gov.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DNCB%2f14%2f2%2f10&pos=46 , accessed 6 April 2022.
MED see Lewis Robert E., Kuhn Sherman, Kurath Hans et al. (Eds.), 1950‒2001/2007.
Robertson John Drummond, ed. by Lord Moreton, 1890, A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner for the English Dialect Society.
Somerset Heritage Centre, Letter from Mr [.] Horswill to Fred Smyth, 28 August 1867, SHC A/EJM/1/3/16.
Thomas Richard J. et al. (Eds.), 1950‒2002, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru [Dictionary of the University of Wales], Cardiff: University of Wales Press. [New and evolving online edition available at https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html].
“tram, n.2.” OED Online, Oxford University Press, September 2022, www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/204491. Accessed 28 November 2022.
Tuffley Dave, 2017, Glossary of mining terms used in the Forest of Dean iron ore and coal fields, available at https://www.forestofdeanhistory.org.uk/assets/Uploads/Dave-Tuffleys-Mining-Glossary.pdf.
Tyas Shaun, 2013, The Dictionary of Football Club Nicknames in Britain and Ireland, Donington: Paul Watkins.
Upton Clive, Parry David & Widdowson John D. A., 1994, Survey of English Dialects: the dictionary and grammar, London: Routledge.
Williams Wadham Pigott & Jones William Arthur, 1873, A Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in Use in Somersetshire, London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer.
Wright Joseph (Ed.), 1898‒1905, The English Dialect Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wright Joseph, 1905, The English Dialect Grammar, Oxford.: Oxford University Press.
Secondary sources
Anonymous, 2005, South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment. Yate: South Gloucestershire Council, available at https://consultations.southglos.gov.uk/gf2.ti/f/251202/6320453.1/PDF/-/RD16.pdf, accessed 24 March 2022.
Asmus Sabine, Jaworski Sylwester & Baran Michał, 2020, “Fortis-lenis vs voiced-voiceless plosives in Welsh”, Linguistics Beyond and Within 6, 5‒16.
Ball Martin J., 1984, “Phonetics for phonology”, in Ball Martin J. & Jones Glyn E. (Eds.), Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 5‒39.
Barber Ross, 1985, “The dramway”, Avon Conservation News 21 (September), 10‒11.
Barber Ross, 1986, The Dramway: The Old Horse Drawn Railway Path from Coalpit Heath to Willsbridge, Keynsham: Avon Industrial Buildings Trust, available at http://www.southglos.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/50806712-CCB0-4ED3-BF06-D36B624AFB60/0/PTE070570.pdf, accessed via Wayback Machine, 17 February 2022.
Bath And North-East Somerset Council, 2014, BANES placemaking plan: Stanton Drew heritage assets, available at https://stantondrewpc.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/stanton-drew-heritage-assets.pdf, accessed 22 April 2022.
Baxter Bertram, 1932, “The Avon and Gloucestershire tramroad as it is today”, The Railway Magazine 71, 431‒434; for follow-ups see (1933) RM 72, 149 and 298; (1934) RM 74, 149 and 302‒303.
Bayley D. L. T., 1985, “Coal mining in Stanton Drew”, Avon Past 11, 19‒20.
Bishop Ian S., 1999, Coal and the Dramway (Within Rural Bitton), privately published.
Bitton Parish History Group, 2014, “Dramway”, available at http://www.bittonhistory.org.uk/transportation/dramway/, accessed 17 February 2022.
Buchanan R. A., 1967, The Industrial Archaeology of Bristol, Bristol: Bristol branch of the Historical Association.
Buchanan R. A. & Cossons Neil, 1969, Industrial Archaeology of the Bristol Region, Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
Chapman Mike, 2006, “A visit to the ‘Dramway’ wharves at Keynsham”, Weigh-House: newsletter/magazine of the Somersetshire Coal Canal Society 46, 8‒15. [Chapman’s articles with tramway in the title appear in Weigh-House 47, 50, 53 (2007‒9).]
Charles B[ertie] G., 1938, Non-Celtic Place-Names in Wales, London Medieval Studies 1, London: University College.
Children in mines, 2011, National Museum Wales, available at https://museum.wales/articles/1013/Children-in-Mines/, accessed 23 May 2022.
Children’s Employment Commission (1842) First Report of the Commissioners: Mines, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, available at https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/First_Report_of_the_Commissioners/ohsZ-M4js3IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22a+dramway%22&printsec=frontcover, accessed 13 May 2022.
Clinker Charles R., 1982, “The Avon and Gloucestershire Railway”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 14, 22‒24.
Coates Richard, 2017, “Onymoids”, Onoma 52, 111‒114.
Cornwell John, 1988, “Industrial archaeology and the Avon Ring Road”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 21, 12‒18.
Cossons Neil, 1967, Industrial Monuments in the Mendip, South Cotswold and Bristol Region, Bristol: Bristol Archaeological Research Group.
Coulls Anthony (Ed.), 2019, Early Railways 6: Papers from the Sixth Annual Early Railways Conference, Milton Keynes: Six Martlets Publishing.
Day Graham, 2010, Making Sense of Wales: A Sociological Perspective, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Down Christopher G. & Warrington Alastair J., 1971, The History of the Somerset Coalfield, Newton Abbot: David & Charles. [Reprinted 2005, Radstock: Radstock Museum.]
Elrington Christopher R. (Ed.), 2022, The Forced Loan and Men Fit to Serve as Soldiers, 1523 (Berkeley Castle Muniments: Select Book 28), Gloucestershire Record Series 36, Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society.
Elson Mark, 2019, “Meet your rabble-rousing Forest of Dean ancestors”, The Forest of Dean and Wye Valley Review (6 March), available at https://www.theforestreview.co.uk/news/meet-your-rabble-rousing-forest-of-dean-ancestors-211634, accessed 03 March 2022.
Etheridge David, 2010, Archaeological report: Westerleigh, Ram Hill Colliery, within Wills Jan and Hoyle Jon (Eds.), “Archaeological review no. 34, 2009”, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 128, 229‒247, at 246, available at https://www.bgas.org.uk/tbgas_bg/v128/bg128229.pdf, accessed 21 February 2022.
Faraday Michael A., 2009, The Bristol and Gloucestershire Lay Subsidy of 1523‒1527, Gloucestershire Record Series 23, Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society.
Gentry Peter W., 1952, “The Bristol coal tramroads”, Railways 13, 182‒185 and 210.
Gomersall Helen & Guy Andy, 2016, “A research agenda for early railways”, in Boyes Grahame (Ed.), 2010, Early Railways 4: Papers from the Fourth Annual Early Railways Conference, Milton Keynes: Six Martlets Publishing, 327‒356; version consulted available as freestanding manuscript, titled “Research agenda for the early British railway”, available at https://www.rchs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Research-agenda.pdf, accessed 03 March 2022.
Gould Shane, 1999, The Somerset Coalfield, SIAS Survey 11, Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society.
Grudgings Steve, 2019, “Early railways in the Bristol coalfield”, in Coulls Anthony (Ed.), Early Railways 6: Papers from the Sixth Annual Early Railways Conference, Milton Keynes: Six Martlets Publishing, 11‒24.
Guy Andy & Rees Jim, 2011, Early Railways 1569‒1830, Oxford: Shire Publications.
Hart Cyril, 1953, The Free Miners of the Forest of Dean and Hundred of St Briavels, Gloucester: British Publishing Co.
Havill Elizabeth, 1983, “William Taitt, 1748‒1815”, Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (1983), 97‒114.
Hetzel Bridget, 2004, Ram Hill Colliery. Site Report and Conservation Plan. The author, for South Gloucestershire Council, available at https://www.southglos.gov.uk/documents/pte070343.pdf, accessed 23 April 2022.
Historic England, 2005, Ram Hill colliery and dramway, available at https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1021386, accessed 29 April 2022.
Jacobsson Ulf, 1962, Phonological Dialect Constituents in the Vocabulary of Standard English, Lund Studies in English 31, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup & Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.
Kester Maria W. H., 1979, The Bristol dialect: a comparison between age-groups, Masters dissertation, Dept of English, University of Bristol. [Often referred to in academic writings, but hard to locate. Three copies are available from store at Bristol Central Library.]
King Roy, 1988, The Poor Fabricators: an introduction to the history of trade unions in Kingswood, Kingswood History Series 3, Kingswood: Kingswood Borough Council.
Kolb Eduard, 1966, Phonological Atlas of the Northern Region, Bern: Francke.
Kruisinga E[tsko], 1905, A Grammar of the Dialect of West Somerset, Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik 18, Bonn: P. Hanstein.
LAE see Orton Harold, Sanderson Stewart & Widdowson John, 1978.
Lass Roger, 1999, “Phonology and morphology”, chapter 3, in Lass Roger (Ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. III: 1476‒1776, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 56‒186.
Lawson Peter, 2006, Walking the Dramway, Stroud: Tempus.
Ligthert Rudi, 2006, “Lower Lydbrook Viaduct area ‒ a little history”, Forest of Dean FHT Forum (08 January), https://forum.forest-of-dean.net/index.php?mode=thread&id=1905, accessed 03 March 2022.
Lynch Aaron, 1996, Thought Contagion: how belief spreads through society, New York: BasicBooks.
Macafee Caroline, 2005, “The history of Scots to 1700”, Dictionary of the Scots Language, Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, available at http://www.dsl.ac.uk.
Maggs Colin G., 1992, The Bristol and Gloucester Railway and the Avon and Gloucestershire Railway, second edition, Oakwood Library of Railway History 26, Witney: Oakwood Press.
“Merthyr Dram Road”, Maybery Collection – National Library of Wales Archives and Manuscripts, The National Library of Wales, Welsh Government, available at https://archives.library.wales/index.php/maybery-collection-2.
Mills John, undated memoirs, “Bevin Boy, Frog Lane 1940s”, originally in SGMRG Newsletter, quoted in South Gloucestershire Mines Research Group, 2012, Ten Years On: a report on the first ten years of work recording and conserving the coal mining sites of South Gloucestershire, available at https://sgmrg.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TEN-YEARS-ON.pdf, accessed 22 February 2022.
Morgan Richard, 2018, Place-Names of Glamorgan, Cardiff: Welsh Academic Press.
Murison David, 1971, “The Dutch element in the vocabulary of Scots”, in Aitken Adam J., Mcintosh Angus & Pálsson Hermann (Eds.), Edinburgh Studies in English and Scots, London: Longman, 159‒176.
Murphy Brian, 1973, A History of the British Economy, 1086‒1740, Harlow: Longman.
National Library of Wales, The National Library of Wales, Welsh Government, available at https://www.library.wales/.
Nield Ted, 2014, Underlands: A Journey through Britain’s Lost Landscape, London: Granta Publications.
Orton Harold et al. (Eds.), 1962–71, Survey of English Dialects: basic materials. Introduction and 4 vols (each in 3 parts), Leeds: E. J. Arnold & Son. [Especially vol. II, West Midlands, for Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire, and vol. IV, Southern counties, for Somerset.]
Orton Harold, Sanderson Stewart & Widdowson John, 1978, The Linguistic Atlas of England, London: Croom Helm.
Parry David, 1978, Notes on the Dialects of Gwent, self-published.
Parry-Williams Thomas H., 1923, The English Element in Welsh, London: The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion.
Parsons A. H., 1970, “My life in Bromley colliery 1917–1922”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 3, 26‒29.
Pembrokeshire County Council, 2019, Dramway trail, leaflet, available at https://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/cycle-pembrokeshire/cycle-pembrokeshire-dramway-trail, accessed 28 February 2022.
Petrovski Nikola, 2017, “Avon & Gloucestershire Railway – ‘The Dramway’ of south-west England”, Abandoned Spaces web-site, available at https://www.abandonedspaces.com/public/avon-gloucestershire-railway-the-dramway-of-south-west-england.html, accessed 07 March 2022. [Text and images.]
Pimpernell Jim, 2006, “An archaeological survey of Avon Wharf, Bitton, South Gloucestershire”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 39, 4‒20. [See also: An archaeological study of Avon Wharf, South Gloucestershire, study for MA in Landscape Archaeology, University of Bristol, 2007.]
Pope Ian & Karau Paul, 1988, An Illustrated History of the Severn and Wye Railway, vol. III, Upper Bucklebury: Wild Swan Publications.
Roper Simon, 2011, Archaeological report: Bitton, Castle Road, Oldland Common, within Wills Jan & Hoyle Jon (eds.), “Archaeological review no. 35, 2010”, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 129, 243‒259, at 244, available at https://www.bgas.org.uk/tbgas_bg/v129/bg129243.pdf, accessed 22 March 2022.
Rowson Stephen, 2019, Review of Coulls (Ed.), 2019, Archaeology Review 07/2019, 146‒147, available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03090728.2019.1668610, published online 16 October 2019.
SED see Orton Harold et al. (Eds.), 1962–71.
SED (D&G) see Upton Clive, Parry David & Widdowson J[ohn] D. A., 1994.
Smith A. H., 1964, The Place-Names of Gloucestershire, vol. IV, Survey of English Place-Names 41, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the English Place-Name Society, 62‒78.
South Gloucestershire Council, undated, The Dramway Path [leaflet], available at https://www.southglos.gov.uk/documents/the%20dramway.pdf, accessed 6 May 2022.
South Gloucestershire Mines Research Group, 2012, Ten Years On: a report on the first ten years of work recording and conserving the coal mining sites of South Gloucestershire.
Southway Matthew J. H., 1971, “Kingswood coal. Part I”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 4, 15‒22; 1972, “Kingswood coal. Part II”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 5, 25‒31.
Straw Michelle, 2018, “Forest [of Dean] dialect since the 1800s. Report of a talk to English Bicknor Local History Group (13 September)”, available at https://www.englishbicknorlhg.co.uk/previous-talks/forest-dialect, accessed 21 February 2022.
Sustrans, undated, Dramway: Stepaside to Saundersfoot, leaflet, available at https://www.sustrans.org.uk/find-a-route-on-the-national-cycle-network/dramway-stepaside-to-saundersfoot, accessed 28 February 2022.
Thomas Brinley, 1931, “Labour mobility in the South Wales and Monmouthshire coal-mining industry, 1920‒30”, Economic Journal 41.162, 216‒226.
Thomas Keith, 1988, “Wagons of the A & G Dramway”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 21, 23‒27. [Note that the online index to the Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal substitutes Tramroad in the title!]
Thomas Keith, 1989, “Discoveries in Poplar Road [, North Common, Warmley]”, Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society Journal 22, 2‒3. [Avon & Gloucestershire Railway chairs and stone block sleepers were uncovered.]
Trew Anthony R. F., 1910, “The old Bristol and Gloucestershire Railway”, The Railway Magazine 26.151, 452‒459. [Includes the Avon & Gloucestershire Railway.]
Van Laun John, 2001, Early Limestone Railways: how railways developed to feed the furnaces of the industrial revolution in south east Wales, New York: Newcomen Society.
Wakelin Martyn, 1986, The Southwest of England, Varieties of English Around the World T5, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Watkins T. Arwyn, 1993, “Welsh”, in Ball Martin J. & Fife James (Eds.), The Celtic Languages, London: Routledge, 289‒348.
Weissmann Erich, 1970, “Phonematische Analyse des Stadtdialektes von Bristol” [“Phonemic analysis of the urban dialect of Bristol”], parts I and II, Phonetica 21, 151‒181 and 211‒240.
Welsh Newspapers Online - Home.” Home – Welsh Newspapers Online, The National Library of Wales, Welsh Government, available at https://newspapers.library.wales/.
Wicks David, 2013, “Cromhall place names and stories: The Tump”, available at https://cromhall.com/cromhall/cromhall-placenames, accessed 31 March 2022.
Williams O[rlo] Cyprian, 1948, The Historical Development of Private Bill Procedure and Standing Orders in the House of Commons, vol. I, London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Wright Peter, 1974, The Language of British Industry, London: Macmillan.