Notes
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Covington Ind., November 18, 1844. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University. The underlining in all the quotations taken from Henry Blackwell’s letters was done by the author himself.
The participant was former Governor Long. Blackwell Memorial Meeting, November 13, 1910. Woman’s Rights Collection, Schlesinger Library. Henry Blackwell died in 1909.
Frances J. Hosford, “The Pioneer Women of Oberlin College”, The Oberlin Alumni Magazine, volume XXIII, January 1927, n°4, 9. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Alexander Keyssar, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States, New York: Basic Books, 2000, 184.
He wrote about his main profession, real estate: “…I have always found houses dull”. Letter of Henry to George, Dorchester, December 16, 1891. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
“Tribute to Mr. Blackwell, by Mrs. Emma J. Blackwell,” The Woman’s Journal, March 5, 1910, 38, Woman’s Rights Collection, Schlesinger Library.
For instance in Cuba, where slavery was abolished in 1886.
“Sugar differs from any other agricultural product in requiring a manufacturing process to adapt it to consumption, and to do this economically it has to be done on an immense scale with a large capital.” Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, December 28, 1901. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, June 13, 1853, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors: A Revealing Portrait of an Unprecedented Marriage, Selected Letters of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell, 1853-1893, New York: The Dial Press, 1981, 36.
Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells: The Story of a Journey to a Better World, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967, 17.
Samuel Blackwell’s reformist convictions were not confined to abolitionism. Alice Stone Blackwell wrote that he once attended one of Frances Wright’s talks, claiming that “[m]uch of what she said was very good sense.” Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman’s Rights, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001 [1930], 138.
“I have thought it more for the interest of the cause to avoid all public or prominent advocacy of its interests – well knowing the jealousy of an interference in this controversy by Englishmen. I have avoided no opportunity to advocating the grand principles and interests of the society in my private intercourse with Americans…” Samuel Blackwell to H.C. Howells, Pittsburgh, PA; Jersey City, January 13, 1838. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone, op. cit., 137-138. She adds: “He joined the Anti-Slavery Society, and composed and published a small volume of “Slavery Rhymes.” The children worked for the Anti-Slavery Bazaars: the family named their carriage horses Garrison and Prudence Crandall; and prominent abolitionists, when in danger of being mobbed in New York, took refuge at the Blackwell home on Long Island.”
Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells, op. cit., 15.
Margo Horn, Family Ties: The Blackwells, a Study in the Dynamics of Family Life in Nineteenth Century America, unpublished dissertation, Tufts University, 1980, 21. See also Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone, op. cit., 137.
Margo Horn, Family Ties: The Blackwells, op. cit., 21-22.
Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells, op. cit., 31.
In 1837, Samuel noted in his diary that his father had “placed a furnace & boiler” to make some experiments. Samuel Blackwell’s diary, March 25, 1837, quoted in Margo Horn, Family Ties, op. cit., 298-299.
Margo Horn, Family Ties, op. cit., 71. See also Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells, op. cit., 39.
The first Free Produce Society was created in Pennsylvania in 1826.
Judith Wellmann, The Road to Seneca Falls: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the First Woman’s Convention, Urbana: The University of Illinois Press, 2004, 107. Judith Wellmann gives the example of Sarah M’Clintock, who specified that she wanted to be buried in linen, and not slave cotton. See Judith Wellmann, The Road to Seneca Falls, op.cit., 109.
Wendell Phillips, Speeches, Lectures, and Letters, second series, Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1891, 14-15. History of Women Microfilm Series. Schlesinger Library.
Wendell Phillips, Speeches, Lectures, and Letters, op. cit., 16.
Celia Morris, Fanny Wright: Rebel in America, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984, 105.
Dorothy Sterling, Lucretia Mott, New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of NY, 1992 [1964], 75-79.
Gerda Lerner, The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina: Pioneers for Woman’s Rights and Abolition, New York: Schocken Books, 1967, 131-132.
Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells, op. cit., 72; Margo Horn, Family Ties, op. cit., 305. In 1868, Henry Blackwell apparently contemplated working with Harris again, but did not follow up on his idea. See Elinor Rice Hays, Those Extraordinary Blackwells, op. cit., 162.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, December 28, 1901. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, December 21, 1875. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
“6. Is glucose used in Europe at all for table use (with griddle? Cakes?) in place of syrup or molasses.” Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston February 6, 1876. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston February 6, 1876. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Ibidem.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, February 1877, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op. cit., 261.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, August 24, 1889. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library. Henry’s sister, Anna, was known as the eccentric in the Blackwell family.
“She is herself quite desirous to live East & that if possible I should not engage again in business for a few years,” Henry Blackwell wrote his sister Emily in March 1855, adding “it will require at least six months, possibly a year, to get matters here settled up, after which I shall take time to decide where I shall live & what shall I do.” Henry Blackwell to Emily Blackwell, Cincinnati, March 2, 1855. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Lucy Stone to Emma Blackwell, April 30, 1877. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
“If the beet sugar enterprise can be made a success it will offer the best opening for a fortune ever afforded us, &, […] somewhat late in life, I shall try to get enough out of it to make Anna, Marian, Eliz, Ellen & Sam’s children easy in their circumstances.” Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, July 8, 1878. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library. Anna, Marian, Elizabeth, Ellen, and Sam were his brother and sisters. He probably did not mention George’s children because he considered him as capable of supporting his own family.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, July 2, 1853, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op.cit., 44.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, Portland, Maine, October 28, 1878, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors: op. cit., 269.
“I think however that the true idea of marriage is a business partnership in pecuniary matters like that existing between members of our firm. You and I will be joint proprietors of everything except the results of previous labors.” Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, December 22, 1854, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op. cit., 110.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, Sebago Lake, Maine, April 30, 1878, in Leslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op. cit., 267-268.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, July 8, 1878. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, February 25, 1880. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to Emily Blackwell, Portland, Maine, April 14, 1880. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to Emily Blackwell, Portland, Maine, April 14, 1880. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
“The Beet Sugar business is likely to die out here for want of Beets. […] Sic transit Gloria Beet Sugar Industry!” Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, April 12, 1880, inLeslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op.cit., 278.
Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone, op .cit., 269.
Henry Blackwell to Lucy Stone, April 21, 1880, inLeslie Wheeler (ed.), Loving Warriors, op.cit., 278.
Margo Horn, Family Ties, op. cit., 311.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, Boston, August 22, 1889. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, April 12, 1856. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
Henry Blackwell to George Blackwell, January 23, 1894. Blackwell Family Papers, Schlesinger Library.
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