Bibliographie
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Cameron, David, press conference with Nick Clegg, Downing Street, 12 May, 2010.
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Chote, Robert, Crawford, Rowena, Emmerson, Carl and Tetlow, Gemma, Public Spending Under Labour: 2010 Election Briefing Note No. 5 (IFS BN92), Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2010. Available at www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn93.pdf (last accessed 16 July 2013).
Comaroff, John, ‘The End of Neoliberalism?: What Is Left of the Left’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2011, vol. 637: 141-147.
Conservative Party, Big Society, Not Big Government, 2010, p. 1. Available at http://www.conservatives.com/News/News_stories/2010/03/~/media/Files/Downloadable%20Files/Building-a-Big-Society.ashx (last accessed 15 July 2013).
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Notes
David Cameron, press conference with Nick Clegg, Downing Street, 12 May, 2010.
Francis Maude, evidence provided to the House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee, The Big Society: Seventeenth Report of Session 2010–12, Volume I, Wednesday 12 October, 2011.
Ibid.
Andrew Gamble, The Free Economy and the Strong State, London, Macmillan, 1994.
David Cameron, Hugo Young lecture, 10 November, 2009. Available at http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2009/11/David_Cameron_The_Big_Society.aspx (last accessed 15 July 2013).
See Government Procurement Service, 2013. See: http://gps.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about-government-procurement-service/about-us (last accessed 15 July 2013).
Ian Burrell, ‘Ad agency fury as Francis Maude’s old firm goes on government list’, The Independent, 7 March 2013.
Tom Elkins, ‘Local Authorities and the Voluntary and Community Sector: Investigating funding and engagement’, Compact Voice, 2012. Available at http://www.compactvoice.org.uk/sites/default/files/foi_2012_-_local_authorities_report_final.pdf (last accessed 15 July 2013).
Ferdinand Mount, The New Few or a Very British Oligarchy, London, Simon & Schuster, 2012, p. 248.
Jason Edwards, ‘Freedom, Free Institutions and the Big Society’, The Political Quarterly, 2011, vol. 82(1): 106.
House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee, op. cit. p. 24.
David Marquand, Decline of the Public, Cambridge, Policy Press, 2004.
The Conservative Party, Big Society, Not Big Government, 2010, p. 1. Available at http://www.conservatives.com/News/News_stories/2010/03/~/media/Files/Downloadable%20Files/Building-a-Big-Society.ashx (last accessed 15 July 2013).
Edwards, op. cit., pp. 100-101.
Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, Penguin, 2008.
Thaler was recruited as an external adviser to the committee.
Shiv Malik, ‘Jobseekers made to carry out bogus psychometric tests’, The Guardian, 30 April 2013.
The Mandatory Work Activity Programme was introduced in May 2011. It is aimed at the long-term unemployed and entails up to 30 hours of community work per week for four weeks. Sanctions for failing to complete the programme are severe, ranging from loss of Jobseeker’s Allowance for three months for a first breach to a three year fixed benefit sanction for a third violation.
Mick Philpott was jailed for life in April 2013 after being found guilty of deliberately starting a fire which led to the deaths of six of his seventeen children. On account of the fact that he lived off benefits, the Chancellor George Osborne, and much of the media, held Philpott up as the epitome of all that is wrong with the welfare system.
Christopher Hope and Rowena Mason, ‘Benefits are not a life choice, says David Cameron’, The Daily Telegraph, 5 April 2013.
Although these exact terms have not necessarily been used by ministers, they are implicit in many speeches. For example, in his 2012 conference speech, David Cameron implicitly referred to the strivers, declaring ‘we are the party of the want to be better-off, those who strive to make a better life for themselves and their families – and we should never, ever be ashamed of saying so’ (see David Cameron, 10 October 2012: http://www.britishpoliticalspeech.org/speech-archive.htm?speech=324 [last accessed 16 July 2013]). Similarly, George Osborne in his conference speech two days earlier made a distinction between ‘the shift-worker, leaving home in the dark hours of the early morning’ and ‘their next door neighbour sleeping off a life on benefits?’ (see George Osborne, 8 October 2012: http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/politics/2012/10/george-osbornes-speech-conservative-conference-full-text [last accessed 16 July 2013]).
These terms were used in Conservative Party advertisements targeted at sixty marginal constituencies in the winter of 2012-13.
Anna Coote and Sarah Lyall, ‘Shirkers v. Skivers: The workless are worthless’, The New Economics Foundation and the Tax Justice Network, 2013. Available at http://dnwssx4l7gl7s.cloudfront.net/nefoundation/default/page/-/images/publications/Strivers%20vs.%20skivers_final.pdf (last accessed 15 July 2013).
Stuart Hall, The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left, London and New York, Verso, 1988.
The Conservative Party, Big Society, op. cit., p. 1.
Ben James Taylor, ‘The “Big Society” and the politics of paternalism: Edmund Burke’s influence on the government is clear’, LSE Blog, 24 June 2013. Available at http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/34286 (last consulted 15 July 2013).
Rodney Barker, ‘Big Societies, Little Platoons and the Problems with Pluralism’, The Political Quarterly (2011) vol.82(1), p. 55.
Stuart Hall, ‘The Neoliberal Revolution’, Soundings, 2011, vol.48, p. 23.
Peter Taylor-Gooby and Gerry Stoker, ‘The Coalition Programme: A New Vision for Britain or Politics as Usual?; The Political Quarterly, 2011, vol. 82(1): 14.
John Gray, ‘Progressive, like the 1980s’, London Review of Books, 2010, vol.32(20-21): 3-7.
Gamble, op. cit., p. 122; Robert Chote, Rowena Crawford, Carl Emmerson and Gemma Tetlow, Public Spending Under Labour: 2010 Election Briefing Note No. 5 (IFS BN92), Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2010. Available at www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn93.pdf (last accessed 16 July 2013).
Maude, op. cit.
Martin Smith, ‘From Big Government to Big Society: Changing the State–Society Balance’, Parliamentary Affairs, 2010, Vol. 63(4): 829.
Conservative Party, Invitation to Join the Government of Britain, 2010. Available at www.conservativehome.blogs.com/files/conservative-manifesto-2010.pdf (last accessed 15 July 2013).
Maude, op. cit., p.167.
Johnston Birchall, ‘The Big Society and the “Mutualisation” of Public Services: A Critical Commentary’, The Political Quarterly, 2011, Vol. 82 (1), pp.154-56. Steve Corbett and Alan Walker, ‘The Big Society: Back to the Future’, The Political Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 83(3), pp. 490-91.
Public Administration Committee, op. cit., p. 40.
TUC, written evidence submitted to the Public Administration Committee, op. cit., p. 176.
Conservative Party, op. cit.
Corporation tax in the UK is to be cut to 20% by 2015, the third consecutive cut since the coalition government came to power (it stood at 28% when the previous government left power).
See, for example, Danny Alexander, Hansard, 14 May 2013: Column 486.
The reforms proposed in the report by the Independent Commission on Banking, led by John Vickers, recommended ring-fencing high street banking from investment banking activities, but these limited reforms will not be implemented until 2019: see Timothy Edmonds, The Independent Commission on Banking: The Vickers Report Standard Note, House of Commons 2013, http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN06171.pdf (last accessed 16 July 2013).
Maurice Glasman, in Glasman and Norman, ‘The Big Society in Question’, The Political Quarterly, 2011, vol.82 (1), p. 12.
Ben Kisby, ‘The Big Society: Power to the People’, The Political Quarterly, 2010, Vol. 81 (4), p. 480.
The Huffington Post, ‘Occupy London Protest “Not Constructive”, Says David Cameron’, 8 November 2011. Available at http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/11/08/occupy-london-protest-not-constructive-says-david-cameron_n_1082227.html (last accessed 16 July 2013).
HM Programme for Government, 2010. Available at : www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/78977/coalition_programme_for_government.pdf It should be noted that the government did lift the ban on unauthorised protests within 1km of Parliament Square under the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011. However, this same Act makes it illegal to engage in a ‘prohibited activity’ in the Square such as operating amplified noise equipment or erecting a tent or other sleeping structure.
Jim Pickard, ‘Loopholes emerge in lobbying bill’, Financial Times, 17 July 2013. See http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/328c4bc8-ef04-11e2-9269-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2h9DHj0Eq (last consulted 8 October 2013).
David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007, pp.76-77.
Stephen Wilks, The Political Power of the Business Corporation, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2013.
John Comaroff, ‘The End of Neoliberalism?: What Is Left of the Left’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2011, vol. 637: p. 145.
Colin Crouch, Post-Democracy, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2012 [2004], p. 100.
I’d like to thank Tim Whitton for making this point during the Q&A session at the Observatoire de la Société Britannique conference in Toulon, October 2013.
For example, whereas during the last major recession in Britain in 1991, 58% of respondents agreed that ‘government should spend more on welfare benefits even if it leads to higher taxes’, only 28% thought so in 2011. See Park et al., British Social Attitudes 29, London, Natcen, 2012, p. v.
Bonnie Gardiner, ‘Considering a Big Society’, YouGov Poll 15 March 2012. Available at http://yougov.co.uk/news/2012/03/15/considering-big-society/ (last accessed 16 July 2013).
For example, G4S, the company awarded the contract to provide security for the 2012 London Olympic Games, failed to provide enough security personnel, forcing the government to bring in police and armed forces at a cost of millions of pounds to the UK taxpayer. In July 2013, both G4S and Serco became the subjects of an inquiry by the Serious Fraud Office after they were suspected of having overcharged the British government for offender monitoring contracts.
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