Ashcroft, Lord, “EU Referendum ‘How Did You Vote’ Poll ONLINE Fieldwork : 21st-23rd June 2016”, June 2016, <https://lordashcroftpolls.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/How-the-UK-voted-Full-tables-1.pdf>, accessed 16 April 2022.
Ashton, B., Liverpool for Europe, Zoom call, 25 November 2020.
Ashton, B., Liverpool for Europe, Zoom call, 10 December 2020 (b).
Asthana, A., “Remain campaigners step up efforts to secure ethnic minority votes”, The Guardian, 1 June 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/01/remain-campaigners-eu-referendum-step-up-efforts-to-secure-ethnic-minority-votes?CMP=gu_com>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Dreda, S., M., “So what if I’m black and thinking about voting for Brexit?”, The Guardian, 22 March 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/22/black-voting-brexit-out-campaign>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Ford, R., “Ethnicity labels are divisive, says Phillips”, The Times, 21 May 2015, <https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ethnicity-labels-are-divisive-says-phillips-qptswxk3l93>, accessed 26 March 2022.
Haque, Z., “Britain’s eight million ethnic minorities are still being ignored over Brexit”, The New Stateman, 11 September 2018, < https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2018/09/britain-s-eight-million-ethnic-minorities-are-still-being-ignored-over>, accessed 25 march 2022.
Leidig, E., “Why are British Indians more likely than other ethnic minority group to support Brexit?”, UK in a Changing Europe, 28 June 2019, <https://ukandeu.ac.uk/why-are-british-indians-more-likely-than-any-other-ethnic-minority-group-to-support-brexit/>, accessed 25 March 2022.
Martin, S., N., M. Sobolewska and N. Begum, “Left out of the Left Behind? Ethnic minority support of Brexit”, Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, 22 January 2019, <http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3320418>, accessed 25 March 2022.
McIntosh, K., R. Mirza and Dr I. S. Ali, “Brexit for BAME Britain. Investigating the impact”, ROTA, November 2018, <https://www.rota.org.uk/sites/default/files/events/ROTA%20Brexit%20for%20BME%20briefing%20221118.pdf>, accessed 16 April 2022.
Modood, T., “Political Blackness and British Asians”, Sociology, Vol. 28, No.4, pp.859-876, November 1994.
Omer, N., “We still haven’t acknowledge the overwhelming whiteness of Brexit”, The Independent, 20 May 2019, <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brexit-peoples-vote-diversity-white-march-bame-diversity-ofoc-politics-a8921581.html>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Parris, M., “‘BME’ is racist and misleading. Let’s drop it”, The Times, 6 February 2016, <https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bme-is-racist-and-misleading-lets-drop-it-d3q87mxj9zz>, accessed 24 March 2022.
Parveen N., “Why do some ethnic minority voters want to leave the EU?”, The Guardian, 1 June 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/01/british-asians-views-eu-referendum-figures-brexit>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Peston, R., “Robert Peston: ‘I don’t appear to be living in the same Britain as much of the rest of the country’”, The Telegraph, 29 October 2017, < https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/robert-peston-dont-appear-living-britain-much-rest-country/>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Pickard, J., “Vote Leave Woos British Asians with migration leaflets”, Financial Times, 19 May 2016, <https://www.ft.com/content/94adcefa-1dd5-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15>, accessed 8 March 2022.
Richards L. and B. Marshall “Political engagement among black and minority ethnic communities: what we know, what we need to know”, The Electoral Commission, 3 November 2003, < https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/electoral_commission_pdf_file/BMEresearchseminarpaper_11354-8831__E__N__S__W__.pdf>, accessed 31 March 2022.
Rosenbaum, M., “Local voting figures shed new light on EU referendum”, BBC NEWS, 6 February 2017, < https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38762034>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Stewart, H., “EU referendum poster aimed at minority ethnic vote causes controversy”, The Guardian, 16 May 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/may/25/eu-referendum-poster-minority-ethnic-voters>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Uberoi E., and N. Johnston, “Political disengagement in the UK: who is disengaged?”, House of Commons Library, Number CBP-7501, 25 February 2021, <https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7501/CBP-7501.pdf>, accessed 26 march 2022.
Uberoi E., and R. Tunnicliffe, “Ethnic diversity in politics and public life”, House of Commons Library, 15 November 2022, < https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN01156/SN01156.pdf>, accessed 26 March 2022.
Weldon, L., S. When Protest Makes Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2011.
Interviews conducted by the author
Ashton, B., Liverpool for Europe, Zoom call, 25 November 2020 (a).
Ashton, B., Liverpool for Europe, Zoom call, 10 December 2020 (b).
Hatton, N., the3million, Zoom Call, 9 December 2020.
Hopkinson, N., London4EU, 10 December 2020.
Ibrahim, B., Twitter/emails, 4 December 2020.
Old, D., Britain for All, Zoom call, 13 December 2020.
Oluwole, F., Zoom call, 25 November 2020.
Taylor, C. and O. Gomez-Cash, Preston for Europe, Zoom call, 27 November 2020.
Books
Sobolewska M. and R. Ford, Brexitland, Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Weldon, L., S. When Protest Makes Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2011.
Articles
Begum, N., “Minority ethnic attitudes and the 2016 EU referendum”, The UK in a Changing Europe, 6 February 2018, <https://ukandeu.ac.uk/minority-ethnic-attitudes-and-the-2016-eu-referendum/>, accessed 19 March 2022.
Dreda, S., M., “So what if I’m black and thinking about voting for Brexit?”, The Guardian, 22 March 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/22/black-voting-brexit-out-campaign>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Martin, S., N., M. Sobolewska and N. Begum, “Left out of the Left Behind? Ethnic minority support of Brexit”, Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, 22 January 2019, <http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3320418>
Press articles
Asthana, A., “Remain campaigners step up efforts to secure ethnic minority votes”, The Guardian, 1 June 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/01/remain-campaigners-eu-referendum-step-up-efforts-to-secure-ethnic-minority-votes?CMP=gu_com>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Haque, Z., “Britain’s eight million ethnic minorities are still being ignored over Brexit”, The New Stateman, 11 September 2018, < https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2018/09/britain-s-eight-million-ethnic-minorities-are-still-being-ignored-over>, accessed 25 march 2022.
Haque, Z., “Britain’s eight million ethnic minorities are still being ignored over Brexit”, The New Stateman, 11 September 2018, < https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2018/09/britain-s-eight-million-ethnic-minorities-are-still-being-ignored-over>, accessed 25 march 2022.
Ibrahim, B., “As a Muslim, I feel compelled to back a people’s vote”, Islam21c.com, <https://www.islam21c.com/politics/as-a-muslim-i-feel-compelled-to-back-a-peoples-vote-on-brexit/>, accessed 2 September 2022.
Lammy, D., “David Lammy’s speech to the Commons: ‘Britain did not become ‘Great’ in total isolation’”, The New Stateman, 5 June 2019, <https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2019/06/david-lammy-s-speech-commons-britain-did-not-become-great-total-isolation >, accessed 2 September 2022.
Leidig, E., “Why are British Indians more likely than other ethnic minority group to support Brexit?”, UK in a Changing Europe, 28 June 2019, <https://ukandeu.ac.uk/why-are-british-indians-more-likely-than-any-other-ethnic-minority-group-to-support-brexit/>, accessed 25 March 2022.
Murphy, S., “Why I’m attending the Ethnic Minorities for a People’s Vote pre-march rally”, Asian Image, 16 October 2019, <https://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/17973478.attending-ethnic-minorities-peoples-vote-pre-march-rally/>, accessed 4 April 2022.
Omer, N., “We still haven’t acknowledge the overwhelming whiteness of Brexit”, The Independent, 20 May 2019, <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brexit-peoples-vote-diversity-white-march-bame-diversity-ofoc-politics-a8921581.html>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Parveen N., “Why do some ethnic minority voters want to leave the EU?”, The Guardian, 1 June 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/01/british-asians-views-eu-referendum-figures-brexit>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Pemberton-Nelson, L., “Why LGBT+ ethnic minorities need to attend the People’s Vote March Lauren Pemberton-Nelson”, AZ, 15 October 2019, <https://azmagazine.co.uk/why-lgbt-ethnic-minorities-need-to-attend-the-peoples-vote-march-lauren-pemberton-nelson/>, accessed 4 April 2022.
Plexal, “‘It’s about having a seat at the table’: why Mete Coban wants you to register to vote on national voter registration day. ””, Plexal, 2021, <https://www.plexal.com/its-about-having-a-seat-at-the-table-why-mete-coban-wants-you-to-register-to-vote-on-national-voter-registration-day/>, accessed 2 September 2022.
Peston, R., “Robert Peston: ‘I don’t appear to be living in the same Britain as much of the rest of the country’”, The Telegraph, 29 October 2017, < https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/robert-peston-dont-appear-living-britain-much-rest-country/>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Pickard, J., “Vote Leave Woos British Asians with migration leaflets”, Financial Times, 19 May 2016, <https://www.ft.com/content/94adcefa-1dd5-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15>, accessed 8 March 2022.
Rosenbaum, M., “Local voting figures shed new light on EU referendum”, BBC NEWS, 6 February 2017, < https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38762034>, accessed 21 March 2022.
Stewart, H., “EU referendum poster aimed at minority ethnic vote causes controversy”, The Guardian, 16 May 2016, <https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/may/25/eu-referendum-poster-minority-ethnic-voters>, accessed 3 April 2022.
Polls/Surveys/Reports
Ashcroft, Lord, “EU Referendum ‘How Did You Vote’ Poll ONLINE Fieldwork : 21st-23rd June 2016”, June 2016, <https://lordashcroftpolls.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/How-the-UK-voted-Full-tables-1.pdf>, accessed 16 April 2022.
Gov.UK, “Population of England and Wales”, 1 August 2018, < https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/population-of-england-and-wales/latest>, accessed 19 March 2022.
McIntosh, K., R. Mirza and Dr I. S. Ali, “Brexit for BAME Britain. Investigating the impact”, ROTA, November 2018, <https://www.rota.org.uk/sites/default/files/events/ROTA%20Brexit%20for%20BME%20briefing%20221118.pdf>, accessed 16 April 2022.
Richards L. and B. Marshall “Political engagement among black and minority ethnic communities: what we know, what we need to know”, The Electoral Commission, 3 November 2003, < https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/electoral_commission_pdf_file/BMEresearchseminarpaper_11354-8831__E__N__S__W__.pdf>, accessed 31 March 2022.
Uberoi E., and R. Tunnicliffe, “Ethnic diversity in politics and public life” House of Commons Library, 15 November 2022, < https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN01156/SN01156.pdf>, accessed 26 March 2022.
Videos/podcasts
Ethnic Minorities for a People’s Vote, “EM4PV supporter”, YouTube, 7 August 2019, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LxJiVVaAkM>, accessed 4 April 2022.
UK in a Changing Europe, “Brexit and Beyond with Professors Maria Sobolewska and Rob Ford”, 30 October 2020, Podcast, <https://ukandeu.ac.uk/podcasts/brexit-and-beyond-podcast-with-maria-sobolewska-and-rob-ford/>, accessed 10 March 2022.
ROTA, “‘Brexit for BAME Britain?’ conference on 22nd Nov. 2018”, YouTube, 22 November 2018, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xElSb7qgKdY>, accessed 12 April 2022.
Tweets
@EM4PV, “It's so important for marginalised communities to stand together to discuss how Brexit will impact US as we demand the #FinalSay”, Twitter, 19 Oct. 2019, 3:06pm, <https://twitter.com/EM4PV/status/1185542698708717568?s=20>
@DavidLammy, “Thank you to the 3 million EU citizens contributing so much to our country. I am proud to stand in solidarity with you. #RightToStay”, Twitter, 23 Feb. 2017, https://twitter.com/davidlammy/status/834740882125500416
@Metecoban92, “It was brilliant to join the Ethnic Minorities for a PV rally at the #PeoplesVote march today to stand up for social justice, fairness and those who often feel powerless. Hats off to @BashOIbrahim for his tireless work to give minorities a voice on a final say”, Twitter, 19 Oct. 2019, 5:13pm, <https://twitter.com/metecoban92/status/1185574757489664000?s=20>
List of figures
Figure 1: Leidig, E., “Why are British Indians more likely than other ethnic minority group to support Brexit?”, UK in a Changing Europe, 28 June 2019, accessed 25 March 2022, <https://ukandeu.ac.uk/why-are-british-indians-more-likely-than-any-other-ethnic-minority-group-to-support-brexit/>
Figure 2: Aouanes-Perriere, M., Liverpool for Europe's sociodemographic survey - March 2021 (a)
Figure 3: Corcoran H., and K. Smith, “Hate Crime, England and Wales, 2015/16”, Statistical Bulletin, Home Office, 13 October 2016, <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/559319/hate-crime-1516-hosb1116.pdf>, accessed 25 March 2022.