Bibliographie
Beckel Julia L.O. and Fisher Gwenith G., “Telework and Worker Health and Well-Being: A Review and Recommendations for Research and Practice”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9(7) (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073879.
Ramya Chari, Chang Chia-Chia, Sauter Steven L., Petrun Sayers Elizabeth L., Cerully Jennifer L., Schulte Paul, Schill Anita L., Uscher-Pines Lori, “Expanding the Paradigm of Occupational Safety and Health: A New Framework for Worker Well-Being”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(7) (July 2018), pp. 589-593, DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001330.
Chatterjee Kiron, Chng Samuel, Clark Ben, Davis Adrian, De Vos Jonas, Ettema Dick, Handy Susan, Martin Adam & Reardon Louise, “Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research”, Transport Reviews, 40(1) (2019), pp. 5–34, https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649317
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Census 2022 Profile 7 - Employment, Occupations and Commuting (2023), https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpp7/census2022profile7-employmentoccupationsandcommuting/commutingtowork/
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Employment and Life Effects of COVID-19 (2020), https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/elec19/employmentandlifeeffectsofCovid-19/
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Report on the public consultation on content of Census 2021 and the Census Pilot Survey 2018, 47 p.
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), Indecon Review of the Enterprise Agencies Economic Appraisal Model in Ireland, 2018, https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/review-of-the-enterprise-agencies-economic-appraisal-model.html
Doorley Karina, Tuda Dora, McTague Alyvia and Regan Mark, “Childcare in Ireland: Usage, Affordability and Incentives to Work”, The Economic and Social Review, 54(4) (Winter 2023), pp. 247-283.
Eurofound, European Industrial Relations Dictionary, “Definition of homeworking”, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/homeworking.
Eurofound, European Industrial Relations Dictionary, “Definition of telework”, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/telework.
Eurofound, European Industrial relations Dictionary, “Definition of work-life balance”, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/work-life-balance.
Eurofound, “Working conditions and sustainable work: As Member States take different approaches to regulating telework, will the EU bring them into line?” 31 May 2021, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/blog/2021/member-states-take-different-approaches-regulating-telework-will-eu-bring-them-line.
Fórsa, “Public Consultation on Guidance for Remote Working” (2020), https://www.forsa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DBEI-consulation-august-2020.pdf
Gibbs Michael, Mengel Friedreke and Siemroth Christoph, “Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT Professionals”, Working Paper No.2021-56, Becker Friedman Institute, University of Chicago, July 2021, https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/BFI_WP_2021-56.pdf
Government of Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Making Remote Work, National Remote Work Strategy, January 2021, 33 pp.
Government of Ireland, Remote Work in Ireland: Future Jobs 2019, (Dublin: Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation, 2019), 56 pp.
Guillaumond Julien and Boullet Vanessa, “Covid-19 and the Irish Border. A Preliminary Analysis of Cross-Border Cooperation Considering Health and Work Issues”, Revue française de civilisation britannique, 28(2) (2023), https://doi-org.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/10.4000/rfcb.11048.
Hauser Lea, “Under-occupied dwellings in Ireland”, Quaterly Economic commentary, ESRI (Spring 2024), pp. 34-38. https://www.esri.ie/publications/quarterly-economic-commentary-spring-2024.
Lyttelton Thomas, Zang Emma and Musick Kelly, “Gender Differences in Telecommuting and Implications for Inequality at Home and Work”, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645561.
Mas Alexandre and Pallais Amanada, “Valuing Alternative Work Arrangements”, American Economic Review, 107(12) (2017), https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20161500
McCarthy Alma, Ahearne Alan, Bohle Carbonell Katerina, Ó Síocháin Tomas & Frost Deirdre, Remote working During COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey Initial Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2020, https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/35a5c8da-e3ef-48fc-ac0b-1c13c56f5752.
McCarthy Alma, O’Connor Noreen, Ó Síocháin Tomas & Frost Deirdre, Remote Working: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase III Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2021, http://whitakerinstitute.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Remote-Working-National-Survey-Phase-III-Report-final.pdf
McCarthy Alma, O’Connor Noreen, Ó Síocháin Tomas & Frost Deirdre, 2022 Remote Working in Ireland - Survey Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2022, http://whitakerinstitute.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Remote-Working-Survey-Report-2022-final-updated.pdf.
McCarthy Alma, McGrath Luke, Frost Deirdre, O’Sullivan Maeve, Whelan Eoin & Mulrooney Allan, 2023 Remote Working in Ireland Survey - Summary Findings Report, Galway, Ireland: University of Galway & Western Development Commission, 2023, https://westerndevelopment.ie/publications/2023-remote-working-in-ireland-survey/
National Broadband Ireland, Remote Working in Ireland: A 2023 Benchmark An NBI and Grow Remote Report, 2023, https://nbi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/NBI_Remote_Work_Report_Final-1.pdf.
National Competitiveness Council, “Cost of Doing Business 2019”, Dublin, April 2019, 59 pp.
NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, Remote Working during COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase II Report, 2020.
NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, “Remote Working Opportunities, Challenges and Policy Implications”, Dec. 2020, https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/elec19/employmentandlifeeffectsofCovid-19/
OECD, “Is Childcare Affordable? Policy Brief on Employment, Labour and Social” (Paris, OECD, 2020), http://t4.oecd.org/els/family/OECD-Is-Childcare-Affordable.pdf.
Phillips, Dominique, Paul Gillian, Fahy Majella & Lafferty Attracta, “The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline”, HRB Open Research, 3(24) (2020), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32551415/
Russell Helen, McGinnity Frances, Fahey Eamonn and Kenny Oona, “Maternal employment and the cost of childcare in Ireland”, Research Series, ESRI, 2018, https://www.esri.ie/publications/maternal-employment-and-the-cost-of-childcare-in-ireland
Slattery Laura, “Asking prices for homes rise 4.1% in 2023, says MyHome.ie”, The Irish Times, 8 January 2024, https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2024/01/08/asking-prices-for-homes-rise-41-in-2023-says-myhomeie/
Streeter Jialu, Roche Megan and Friedlander Anne, “From Bad to Worse: The Impact of Work-From-Home on Sedentary Behaviors and Exercising”, Stanford Center on Longevity, Policy Brief, 2021, https://longevity.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Sedentary-Brief.pdf.
Williamson Harry, An evaluation of the impacts of Remote Working, Dublin, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, 53 pp.
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Notes
Ramya Chari, Chia-Chia Chang, Steven L. Sauter, Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers, Jennifer L. Cerully, Paul Schulte, Anita L. Schill, Lori Uscher-Pines, “Expanding the Paradigm of Occupational Safety and Health: A New Framework for Worker Well-Being”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(7) (July 2018), pp. 589-593, DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001330.
Julia L.O. Beckel & Gwenith G. Fisher, “Telework and Worker Health and Well-Being: A Review and Recommendations for Research and Practice”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(7) (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073879.
In the report Making Remote Work: National Remote Work Strategy, it was explained that many expressions are used to refer to remote work such as “telework, e-Work, mobile work, smart working, telecommuting, flexible working, hub-work, locationless work, co-working, home office, virtual office and platform work, ICT-based mobile work (TICTM)”. As remote working and work from home are the broadest concepts encompassing all of these terms, we will use those two terms in this paper. Government of Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Making Remote Work: National Remote Work Strategy, 2021, p. 8.
Eurofound, European Industrial relations Dictionary, Definition of Homeworking, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/homeworking.
Ibid.
Eurofound, European Industrial relations Dictionary, Definition of telework, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/telework.
Government of Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Making Remote Work, National Remote Work Strategy, January 2021, p. 6.
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Report on the public consultation on content of Census 2021 and the Census Pilot Survey 2018, p. 24
but 26% did not indicate the number of days, 6% 3 days a week and 3% 4 days a week. Ibid, p. 24.
Ibid., p. 24
Ibid., p. 24
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Employment and Life Effects of COVID-19, 2020, https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/elec19/employmentandlifeeffectsofCovid-19/
NUIG’s Whitaker Institute and the WDC carried out several studies in May 2020, October 2020, and April 2021. NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, Remote Working during COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase II Report (2020), https://westerndevelopment.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Remote-Working-National-Survey-Phase-II-Report-Oct-2020-Final.pdf
Alma McCarthy, Noreen O’Connor, Tomas Ó Síocháin & Deirdre Frost, Remote Working: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase III Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2021, p. 5, http://whitakerinstitute.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Remote-Working-National-Survey-Phase-III-Report-final.pdf
NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, Remote Working during COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase II Report, 2020, https://westerndevelopment.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Remote-Working-National-Survey-Phase-II-Report-Oct-2020-Final.pdf
The survey was based on 4,335 respondents, primarily from the Public Service. Fórsa, Public Consultation on Guidance for Remote Working, 2020, https://westerndevelopment.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Remote-Working-National-Survey-Phase-II-Report-Oct-2020-Final.pdf
Alma McCarthy, Noreen O’Connor, Tomas Ó Síocháin & Deirdre Frost, 2022 Remote Working in Ireland - Survey Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2022, p. 4, http://whitakerinstitute.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Remote-Working-Survey-Report-2022-final-updated.pdf
Alma McCarthy, Luke McGrath, Deirdre Frost, Maeve O’Sullivan, Eoin Whelan & Allan Mulrooney, 2023 Remote Working in Ireland Survey - Summary Findings Report, Galway, Ireland: University of Galway & Western Development Commission, 2023, https://westerndevelopment.ie/publications/2023-remote-working-in-ireland-survey/
National Broadband Ireland, Remote Working in Ireland: A 2023 Benchmark An NBI and Grow Remote Report, 2023, https://nbi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/NBI_Remote_Work_Report_Final-1.pdf
CSO, Report on the public consultation on content of Census 2021 and the Census Pilot Survey 2018, pp. 24-25.
National Broadband Ireland, Remote Working in Ireland: A 2023 Benchmark An NBI and Grow Remote Report, p. 1, https://nbi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/NBI_Remote_Work_Report_Final-1.pdf
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Indecon Review of the Enterprise Agencies Economic Appraisal Model in Ireland, 2018, p. 20, https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/publication-files/review-of-the-enterprise-agencies-economic-appraisal-model.pdf
Kiron Chatterjee, Samuel Chng, Ben Clark, Adrian Davis, Jonas De Vos, Dick Ettema, Susan Handy, Adam Martin & Louise Reardon, “Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research”, Transport Reviews, 40(1) (2019), pp. 5–34, https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649317
Central Statistics Office (CSO), Census 2022 Profile 7 - Employment, Occupations and Commuting, 2023, https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpp7/census2022profile7-employmentoccupationsandcommuting/commutingtowork/
“A survey by Indecon (2021), found that in over 30% of households where there is a person with a disability, there is someone in the household working fewer hours than they’d like due to caring responsibilities. The Indecon report calculated that lost household income as a result of working fewer hours amounted to €482 per week, on average. These figures were highest in households where a household member suffers from an “intellectual disability”. Harry Williamson, An evaluation of the impacts of Remote Working, Dublin: Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, p. 18.
“Work–life balance is a term used to describe the level of prioritisation between an individual’s work and personal life. A good work–life balance is achieved when an individual’s right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm – to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society”. Eurofound, European Industrial relations Dictionary, Definition of work-life balance, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/work-life-balance
Quoted in Government of Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Making Remote Work, National Remote Work Strategy, January 2021, p. 12.
Thomas Lyttelton, Emma Zang and Kelly Musick, “Gender Differences in Telecommuting and Implications for Inequality at Home and Work”, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645561
Dominique Phillips, Gillian Paul, Majella Fahy & Attracta Lafferty, “The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline”, HRB Open Research, 3(24) (2020) pp. 4.
Government of Ireland, Remote Work in Ireland: Future Jobs 2019, Dublin: Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation, 2019, 56 p.
With Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Europe, Ireland is close to the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Switzerland. OECD, “Is Childcare Affordable? Policy Brief on Employment”, Labour and Social, (Paris, OECD, 2020) p. 3.
Helen Russell, Frances McGinnity, Eamonn Fahey & Oona Kenny, “Maternal employment and the cost of childcare in Ireland”, Research Series, ESRI (2018), p. viii, https://www.esri.ie/publications/maternal-employment-and-the-cost-of-childcare-in-ireland, Karina Doorley, Dora Tuda, Alyvia McTague & Mark Regan, “Childcare in Ireland: Usage, Affordability and Incentives to Work”, The Economic and Social Review, 54(4) (Winter 2023), pp. 247-283.
National Competitiveness Council, “Cost of Doing Business 2019”, (Dublin, April 2019), p. 8.
Dominique Phillips et al., op. cit.
Government of Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Making Remote Work, National Remote Work Strategy, January 2021, p. 9.
€180,00 in 2012, Q4, to 325,000 in 2023 Q4. Laura Slattery, “Asking prices for homes rise 4.1% in 2023, says MyHome.ie”, The Irish Times, 8 January 2024, https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2024/01/08/asking-prices-for-homes-rise-41-in-2023-says-myhomeie/
https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2024/01/08/asking-prices-for-homes-rise-41-in-2023-says-myhomeie/
NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, “Remote Working during COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey - Phase II Report”, 2020, p. 5.
Government of Ireland, Making Remote Work, National Remote Work Strategy, op. cit.
Alma McCarthy, Alan Ahearne, Katerina Bohle Carbonell, Tomas Ó Síocháin & Deirdre Frost, Remote working During COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey Initial Report, Galway, Ireland: NUI Galway Whitaker Institute & Western Development Commission, 2020, pp. 4-5, https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/entities/publication/35a5c8da-e3ef-48fc-ac0b-1c13c56f5752
NUI Galway and WDC, “Remote Working Opportunities, Challenges and Policy Implications”, Dec. 2020, p. 15,
Michael Gibbs, Friederike Mengel & Christoph Siemroth, “Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT Professionals”, Working Paper No.2021-56, Becker Friedman Institute, University of Chicago, July 2021, https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/BFI_WP_2021-56.pdf.
Thomas Lyttelton et al., op. cit., p. 7.
Alexandre Mas and Amanda Pallais, “Valuing Alternative Work Arrangements”, American Economic Review, 107(12) (2017), https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20161500.
Alma McCarthy et al., 2023 Remote Working in Ireland Survey - Summary Findings Report, op. cit., p. 18.
Thomas Lyttelton et al., op. cit., p. 7
Jialu Streeter, Megan Roche and Anne Friedlander, “From Bad to Worse: The Impact of Work-From-Home on Sedentary Behaviors and Exercising”, Stanford Center on Longevity, Policy Brief, 2021, https://longevity.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Sedentary-Brief.pdf , p. 2.
See https://www.hsa.ie/eng/topics/remote_working/.
With a “rate of 67.3 per cent, Ireland is in the top three in Europe (together with Malta and Cyprus” (…) “Compared with other European countries, housing units in Ireland are, on average, bigger with less people living in them”. Lea Hauser, “under-occupied dwellings in Ireland”, Quaterly Economic commentary, ESRI (Spring 2024), pp. 34-38. https://www.esri.ie/publications/quarterly-economic-commentary-spring-2024
Alma McCarthy et al., Remote Working During COVID-19: Ireland’s National Survey Initial Report, op. cit., pp. 4-5.
Thomas Lyttelton, et al., op. cit., p. 27
Eurofound, European Industrial relations Dictionary, Definition of telework, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/telework
Ibid.
Eurofound, “Working conditions and sustainable work: As Member States take different approaches to regulating telework, will the EU bring them into line?” 31 May 2021, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/blog/2021/member-states-take-different-approaches-regulating-telework-will-eu-bring-them-line
Ibid.
Interviews conducted with Julien Guillaumond in 2023.
Four interviews were conducted with Julien Guillaumond in 2023 with 8 people from the Republic and Northern Ireland working in different organisations that help cross-border workers. Interviewees admitted that remote work was usually under the radar, either because before the pandemic, people were not aware of the necessity of declaring remote work to the tax authorities, or because people decided not to declare those days to pay fewer taxes.
Julien Guillaumond and Vanessa Boullet, “Covid-19 and the Irish Border. A Preliminary Analysis of Cross-Border Cooperation Considering Health and Work Issues”, Revue française de civilisation britannique, 28(2) (2023), https://doi-org.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/10.4000/rfcb.11048.
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