Rectified spelling recommended by the Conseil supérieur de la langue française (French Language High Council ; Journal Officiel, 10/12/1990) may be used in articles in the journal. In all cases, quotations retain their original spelling. The same applies to inclusive writing.

For more information, see :

Béchennec, Danielle & Sprenger-Charolles, Liliane (2014). « Guide pratique de l’orthographe rectifiée ». Pratiques 163-164. Online: http://pratiques.revues.org/2227.
Haddad, Raphaël (2019). « Manuel d’écriture inclusive ». Paris : Agence de communication d’influence Mots-Clés. Online: https://crir.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Mots-Cl%C3%A9s_Manuel_ecriture-2021.pdf

The documents are available in the appendix below (in French).

Presentation instructions

Text

The text is as simple as possible, with no complex layout and no excessive use of typographical formatting (bold, underline, italics, etc.).

Affiliation

The affiliation is as follows:

Affiliated institution(s) of the Research Unit, Research Unit abbreviation, postcode town, Country

University of Lorraine, Crem, F-57000 Metz, France

Organisation of titles

The structure of the text must be clear and the hierarchy between the different heading levels must be clearly defined. The font size must be adjusted according to the heading level (maximum of 4 heading levels), for example:Titre de l’article en police 15 gras ;

Title 1 font size 14 bold ;

Title 2 font size 13 bold ;

Title 3 font size 12 bold ;

Title 4font size 11 bold ;

An example of an article structure is available in the appendix at the bottom of the page.

Illustrations

All tables and illustrations are titled, numbered and cite their source. This information appears before the illustration. For example:

Table 1. Survey results. Source : First name Surname.

	Yes	No
In 2016	25 %	75%
In 2026	35 %	65 %

Illustrations must be embedded in the Word file and provided as separate electronic files (in JPG, TIFF or PNG format) with a minimum resolution of 300 pixels per inch (300 dpi).

Graphs must be provided in Excel (XLS) format or in the image formats described above. They must be legible in black and white.

Each image is subject to current copyright legislation and may not therefore be reproduced without the prior consent of the author/publisher.

It is the responsibility of the article’s author to obtain and provide a copy of the re-use rights for each illustration they use.

A PDF on the use of a resource in an academic publication is available at the bottom of the page.

A permission request form is available from Crem on request at the following address: lea.dehedin@univ-lorraine.fr.

Accessibility

To ensure the accessibility of the journal’s content, in accordance with the French law n^o 2005-102 of 11^th february 2005 and French decree n^o 2023-778 of 14^th august 2023 :

Graphics must use contrasting colours and alternating textures to distinguish between elements.
Ensure that graphics are understandable to people who are colour-blind or have visual impairments.
Use tables in text format rather than as images to facilitate reading by assistive technologies.
Use column and row headers to structure the data in tables.
Add text descriptions (alternative text) for all visuals and ensure these descriptions are concise and informative.
Use bulleted or numbered lists for lists..

Graphic 1. Survey results. Source : First name Surname.

(The suggested alternative text is as follows: a two-column chart. In 2016, 25% of respondents answered “Yes” and 75% “No”. In 2026, 35% answered “Yes” and 65% “No”).

Editorial guidelines

Avoid a succession of short paragraphs or, on the contrary, avoid using “sentence-long paragraphs”.
Capital letters should be accented where necessary.

Acronyms and abbreviations

Full names are always declined in full once before being substituted for their abbreviated form.
The acronym (an acronym pronounced like an ordinary word) begins with an initial capital letter and ends in lower case (for example: Unesco).
The acronym appears in capitals (for example : CNRS).

Quotes

Short quotations are integrated into the text and always enclosed in French inverted commas (« … »). If necessary, use inverted commas in the English style (“…”) in a passage already in inverted commas.
Long quotations are isolated from the text and are not enclosed in inverted commas.
Any modification of a quote (deletion, addition, replacement of words or letters, etc.) by the author of the text is indicated by right square brackets [...].

Proper nouns

Proper nouns are in lower case (not capitalized). First names are expanded for the first occurrence, then reduced to their initial for all other occurrences in the running text and notes.

References

In the text

References are not fully cited in the text. In the body of the text, only the author's name, the publication date, and the page number(s) are specified in parentheses.
- For a single reference : (Béchennec & Sprenger-Charolles, 2014, p. 105) ;
- For two references by the same author: (Petitjean, 2020 ; 2021) ;
- For two references by different authors: (Petitjean, 2021 ; Martin, 2021) ;
- For a reference with two authors: (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1980, p. 180-182) ;
- For a reference with more than three authors: (Bourdieu et al., 1985, p. 50-60).
In case of a reissue or translation, the year of the edition is used, and the original year is mentioned in brackets.

Example : (Pavis, 1997 [1980], p. 50)

References without pagination and accumulations of references should be avoided as much as possible.
For online publications without pagination, the paragraph number, if available, should be indicated in the following form: (Le Goff, Sauvaire & Deilhes, 2025, § 2)
The accepted abbreviations are« ibid. » and « sq. » (plural, « sqq. »).
For all persons mentioned, the first occurrence appears in the form First Name Last Name. From the second occurrence, only the initial of the first name and the last name are used.

In bibliography

Bibliographic references are grouped at the end of the article and are classified in alphabetical and chronological order under the title “Bibliography”.
If more than one publication by the same author from the same year is referenced, they must be distinguished chronologically, using lowercase letters: 2011a, 2011b, etc.
Only the references used/cited in the text are included in the bibliography.

Bibliographic Standards

Book

Last name, First name (year). Title in italics. City : Publisher.

Example : Grize, Jean-Blaise (1992). Un signe parmi d’autres. Hauterive : G. Attinger.

Collective book

The abbreviations for scientific editors, directors of a work, or coordinators are: “ed.”, “eds”, “dir.”, “dirs.”, “coord.”, “coords”.

Last name, First name (eds) (year). Title in italics. City : Publisher.

Example : Holtus, Günter, Metzeltin, Michel & Schmitt, Christian (éds) (2001). Lexikon der romanistischen Linguistik. Band I, 2: Methodologie. Tubingue : M. Niemeyer.

Contribution to a collective book

Last name, First name (year). « Article title ». In : Last Name, First Name & Last Name, First Name (eds/dirs), Title in italics. City : Publisher, pagination.

Example : Koch, Peter & Oesterreicher, Wulf (2001). « Langage oral et langage écrit ». In : Holtus, G., Metzeltin, M., & Schmitt, C. (éds), Lexikon der romanistischen Linguistik. Band I, 2: Methodologie. Tubingue : M. Niemeyer, p. 584-627.

Issue of a journal

Last name, First name (dir./dirs) (year). « Title of the issue ». Journal’s title in italics issue number. Online: URL.

Example : Petitjean, André (dir.) (2019). « Le récit en questions ». Pratiques. Linguistique, littérature, didactique 181-182. Online: https://doi.org/10.4000/pratiques.5593.

If the issue does not have a title issue:

Last name, First name (dir./dirs) (year). Journal’s title in italics issue number. Online: URL.

Example : Privat, Jean-Marie & Kara, Mohamed (2006). Pratiques. Linguistique, littérature, didactique 131-132. Online: https://www.persee.fr/issue/prati_0338-2389_2006_num_131_1.

Article in a journal

Last name, First name (year). « Article title ». Journal’s title in italics issue number. Online: URL.

Example : Charolles, Michel (1988). « Les plans d’organisation textuelle : périodes, chaînes, portées et séquences ». Pratiques. Linguistique, littérature, didactique 57, p. 3-13. Online: https://doi.org/10.3406/prati.1988.1468.

Reprint

Last name, First name (year of reprint) [original year]. Title in italics. City of the reprint : Publisher of the reprint.

Example : Gadet, Françoise (2007) [2003]. La Variation sociale en français. Paris : Éd. Ophrys.

Traduction

Last name, First name (year of traduction) [original year]. Title in italics. Trad. from language (Country) by First Name Last Name. City: Publisher of the traduction.

Example : Austin, John Langshaw (1970) [1962]. Quand dire, c’est faire. Trad. de l’anglais (États-Unis) par Gilles Lane. Paris : Éd. Le Seuil.

These

Last name, First name (year). These title in italics. These in discipline : university. Online: https://theses.fr.

Example : Le Goff, François (2006). Écriture d'invention, réécriture et enseignement de la littérature. Thèse en sciences du langage : Université de Metz. Online: https://theses.fr/2006METZ025L.

Presentation at a conference

Last name, First name (year). « Title of the presentation ». Type et name of the event. City, date. Online: URL.

Example : Plas, Elisabeth & Milcent-Lawson Sophie (2022). « Perspectives théoriques ». Journée d'études Présence(s) animale(s). Nancy, 7 oct. Online: https://ultv.univ-lorraine.fr/video/13408-journee-detudes-presences-animales-seance-4-perspectives-theoriques-elisabeth-plas-sophie-milcent-lawson/?playlist=1378-journee-detudes-presences-animales.

Programmes and Official Notices (French examples)

Ministy (year). « Programme’s title ». Bulletin officiel n^odu date. Online: URL.

Ministère de l’Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (2015). « Parcours d’Éducation Artistique et Culturelle », Bulletin officiel n^o 28 du 9 juillet 2015. Online: https://www.education.gouv.fr/pid285/bulletin_officiel.html?pid_bo=40404.

Acts, decrees, orders (French examples)

Institution ou Ministy ou name of the government website (year). Loi n^o du date pour/relatif à. Online: URL.

Legifrance (2005). Loi n^o 2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées (1). Online: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000809647.

Other institutional resources (French examples)

Institution ou Ministy ou name of the government website (year). Title of the document. Online: URL.

Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture (2009). Principes directeurs pour l’inclusion dans l’éducation. Online: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000177849_fre.

ou

Institution ou Ministy ou name of the government website (year). « Title of the page ». Website title. Online: URL.

Ministère de la Santé, des Familles, de l’Autonomie et des Personnes handicapées (2016). « Les troubles du langage et des apprentissages ». Sante.gouv, 13 avr. Online: https://sante.gouv.fr/prevention-en-sante/sante-des-populations/enfants/article/les-troubles-du-langage-et-des-apprentissages.

Electronic references

Last name, First name (year). « Title of the reference ». Name of the website or media, day et month of publication or number of publication. Online: URL (DOIs are preferable, as they are permanent URLs).

Examples : TEDx Talks (2019). « La faute de l'orthographe | Arnaud Hoedt Jérôme Piron | TEDxRennes ». YouTube, 21 juin. En ligne :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YO7Vg1ByA8&t=623s.

Treiner, Jacques, Courty, Jean-Michel & Kierlik, Edouard (2016). « La science au cinéma, prétexte didactique ou simple élément du décor ? ». France Culture, 16 mai. Online: https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/continent-sciences/la-science-au-cinema-pretexte-didactique-ou-simple-element-du-decor-9997580.

Edy, Delphine & Petitjean, André (2021). « Théâtre contemporain : Écritures et Représentations ». Pratiques, 191-192. Online: https://doi.org/10.4000/pratiques.10383.

Special cases and points to watch out for

The author’s name at the start of the reference is in small capitals.
For all types of references, a slash is used as a separator when there are multiple cities and/or publishers

Nom, P. (année). Titre en italique. Ville1/Ville2 : Éditeur1/Éditeur 2.

Ong, Walter J. (1982). Orality and Literacy. The Technologizing of the World. Londres/New York : Routledge.

The term « Online » is used for any reference that has a full version available on the internet. DOIs are preferred, as they provide permanent URLs:

Beaumanoir-Secq, Morgane (2022). « L’adjectif, notion fondamentale ou angle mort conceptuel ? ». Scolia. Revue de linguistique 36, p. 113-156. Online: https://doi.org/10.4000/scolia.2383.

The months (with the exception of May, June) are abbreviated:

January	Jan.
February	Feb.
March	Mar.
April	Apr.
May	/
June	/
July	Jul.
August	Aug.
Septembre	Sep.
October	Oct.
November	Nov.
December	Dec.

In French official texts, the names of ministries vary from year to year. The name in use at the time the resource was published should be used. For example:
- Ministère de l’Éducation nationale from 2000 to 2014 then from 2017 to 2018
- Ministère de l’Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche from 2014 to 2017
- Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse from 2018 to 2020
- Etc.

Publishers

Surname preceded by a first name

Use the initial of the first name followed by the surname.

Example : R. Laffont (not Robert Laffont).

Containing the words “éditeur”, “libraire”, etc., followed by a person’s name

Only mention the person's name.

Example : O. Jacob (not Éditions Odile Jacob).

Containing the words “éditeur”, “libraire”, etc., without person’s name

Add the abbreviation “ed.” devant le nom de l'éditeur.

Example : Éd. de Minuit (not Minuit).

The name of a person, institution, etc., preceded by an article or a preposition

Include the article or preposition in the phrase.

Example : Éd. Le Seuil (not Aux Éditions du Seuil).

Co-publishing

Separate the publishers' names with a slash (/).

Example : De Boeck Université/INA (Not Les éditions De Boeck Université et de l’INA).

Reading Notes

Title

The book’s reference details form the title of the book review.

First Name Last name in Small caps, Title. Subtitle. City: Publisher, coll. « Name the collection », year, number of pages.

Catherine Schnedecker, Grammaire des pronoms « indéfinis » désignant la personne. Description linguistique fondée sur l’usage. Paris : Classiques Garnier, Coll. « Domaines linguistiques », 2025, 512 p.

When referring to a translated work, the language of the original version and the translator’s name should be stated after the title:

First Name Last name in Small caps, Title. Subtitle. Trad from language by Fist Name Last Name. City: Publisher, coll. « Name the collection », year, number of pages.

Erving Goffman, Les Rites d’interaction, trad. de l’anglais (États-Unis) par Alain Khim. Paris, Éd. de Minuit, 1974.

The text is as simple as possible, with no complex layout and no excessive use of typographical formatting (bold, underline, italics, etc.).
The paper does not contain any subheadings, a bibliography, illustrations or appendices.
Footnotes are allowed.
Bibliographical references (excluding the book listed) may be included as footnotes in the formats specified above in the section « Article » section « Bibliographic Standards ».

Affiliation

The affiliation is as follows:

Affiliated institution(s) of the Research Unit, Research Unit abbreviation, postcode town, Country

University of Lorraine, Crem, F-57000 Metz, France

Editorial guidelines

Avoid a succession of short paragraphs or, on the contrary, avoid using “sentence-long paragraphs”.
Capital letters should be accented where necessary.

Acronyms and abbreviations

Full names are always declined in full once before being substituted for their abbreviated form.
The acronym (an acronym pronounced like an ordinary word) begins with an initial capital letter and ends in lower case (for example: Unesco).
The acronym appears in capitals (for example : CNRS).

Citations

Quotes

Short quotations are integrated into the text and always enclosed in French inverted commas (« … »). If necessary, use inverted commas in the English style (“…”) in a passage already in inverted commas.
Long quotations are isolated from the text and are not enclosed in inverted commas.
Any modification of a quote (deletion, addition, replacement of words or letters, etc.) by the author of the text is indicated by right square brackets [...].

If the quotation is taken from the work being reviewed, the page number should be indicated in square brackets as follows: (p. XX).
If the quotation is taken from another work, the reference should be presented as a footnote in the following format:

Nom, Prénom (année). Titre en italique. Ville d’édition : éditeur, pagination (ou paragraphe).

Bähler, Ursula (1999. Paris dreyfusard, le savant dans la cité. Paris : CNRS éd., p. 58

For guidance on the various possible reference formats, see the « Article » section « Bibliographic Standards ».

Pagination of the book reviewed

(p. 126).
(p. 126–135) to indicate that this refers to pages 126 to 135.
(p. 126, 135) to indicate that this refers to pages 126 and 135.
Remember to use a non-breaking space after p.

Update from May 2026

Documents annexes

Guide to Rectified Spelling (FR) (application/pdf – 310k)
Inclusive Writing Manual (4th ed., R. Haddad, ed.) (FR) (application/pdf – 1,4M)
Example of the structure of an article (FR) (application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document – 14k)
Using a Resource in an Academic Publication – Crem Guide (FR) (application/pdf – 3,5M)

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