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The difference principle in light of public opinion

A comparative perspective
Michel Forsé and Luigi Tronca
p. 73-96

Abstracts

According to John Rawls, the maximin principle, which aims to maximize the economic well-being of the most disadvantaged, is one of the fundamental principles of social justice. Two surveys conducted in France (PISJ, 2009) and Italy (OSCF, 2022), using scenarios that place respondents behind a relative “veil of ignorance” and representative samples by quotas, demonstrate that this principle is widely preferred over greater equality or an overall increase in wealth. These survey results hold true both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This individual preference for the maximin principle transcends various social divisions and indicates a strong sense of justice among the respondents, as they prefer to live in a society they perceive as fair. However, when it comes to deciding whether it is fairer for the poorest to be more numerous and earn more or for them to be less numerous and earn less, respondents show more uncertainty. The consistent convergence of these results over time confirms their robustness.

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Excerpt

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Outline

Introduction
1. Theoretical background
2. Method
3. Results
3.1. The difference principle is predominantly chosen by a representative sample
3.2. A sense of justice
3.3. A relative veil of ignorance
3.4. Consensus on the choice of the fairest society
3.5. The role of the demographic factor
4. Discussion
Conclusion

First lines

Introduction

This article explores the concept of social justice using the theoretical framework proposed by John Rawls (1999 [1971]). We aim to comprehend the prevailing sentiment of justice within French and Italian society, while also comparing the periods prior and following the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve this, we utilize surveys conducted on representative samples of adults residing in both respective countries. Specifically, we focus on two key aspects: a) identifying the dominant sentiment of justice, if any, among the surveyed populations, and b) examining the influence of the veil of ignorance on individuals’ perceptions of social justice.

In order to develop the analysis outlined above, we will first summarize the thought of John Rawls, which forms the basis of our empirical analyses (Section 1). We will then review the main methodological aspects of the two surveys (Section 2) and present the results we obtained concerning the sentiments of social justice (Section 3). Fi...

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References

Bibliographical reference

Michel Forsé and Luigi Tronca, The difference principle in light of public opinionRevue européenne des sciences sociales, 62-1 | 2024, 73-96.

Electronic reference

Michel Forsé and Luigi Tronca, The difference principle in light of public opinionRevue européenne des sciences sociales [Online], 62-1 | 2024, Online since 02 January 2028, connection on 10 September 2024. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ress/10855; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/11p5q

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About the authors

Michel Forsé

Paris, CNRS, Centre Maurice Halbwachs
michel.forse"at"ens.psl.eu

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Luigi Tronca

University of Verona, Department of Human Sciences
luigi.tronca"at"univr.it

By this author

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Copyright

CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

The text only may be used under licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. All other elements (illustrations, imported files) are “All rights reserved”, unless otherwise stated.

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