Bibliography
Bashfield, S. et E. Katselli Proukaki, « The Rules-Based Order, International Law and the British Indian Ocean Territory: Do as I Say, Not as I Do », German Law Journal 23, 2022, pp. 713–737.
Boyd, Andrew, The Royal Navy in Eastern Waters: Linchpin of Victory, 1935–1942 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2017).
Brown, David K. et George Moore, Rebuilding the Royal Navy: warship design since 1945 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2012).
Churchill, Winston S., The Second World War. The Grand Alliance (Boston, Houghton, 1950).
Clements, William, Britain’s Island Fortresses: Defence of the Empire 1756–1956 (Barnsley, Pen and Sword, 2019).
Darby, Philip, « Beyond East of Suez », International Affairs 46/4, Oct. 1970, pp. 655-669.
Darby, Philip, British Defence Policy East of Suez, 1947-1968 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1973).
Department of Defense, « Pacific Command Change Highlights Growing Importance of Indian Ocean Area », 31 May 2018, https://www.pacom.mil/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/1537107/pacific-command-change-highlights-growing-importance-of-indian-ocean-area/, consulté le 15 octobre 2022.
Dockrill, Saki, Britain’s Retreat from East of Suez (Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, « UK-Bahrain sign landmark defence agreement », 5 December 2014 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-bahrain-sign-landmark-defence-agreement, consulté le 22 juin 2022.
Gouvernement britannique, Global Britain in a Competitive Age: the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy, CP403, March 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy, consulté le 11 avril 2022.
Gowland, David et Arthur Turner, Reluctant Europeans – Britain and European Integration 1945-1998 (Harlow, Longman, 2000).
Gough, Barry, Pax Britannica (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
Hill, Christopher, « The illusion of a global political role for Britain » in Benjamin Martill et Uta Staiger (eds.), Brexit and beyond: Rethinking the futures of Europe (Londres, UCL Press, 2018), pp. 183-192.
House of Commons, « Global Britain: Sixth Report of Session 2017-19. Report of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee », CP 780, mars 2018, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmfaff/780/780.pdf consulté le 27 mai 2022.
House of Lords, « Select Committee on Soft Power and the UK’s Influence – First Report: Persuasion and Power in the Modern World », HL 150, mars 2014, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201314/ldselect/ldsoftpower/150/15002.htm consulté le 4 septembre 2023.
James, William D., « Global Britain’s strategic problem East of Suez », European Journal of International Security 6/2, 2021, pp. 171-189.
Johnson, Boris, « The Aussies are just like us, so let’s stop kicking them out », The Daily Telegraph, 25 August 2013.
Johnson, Boris, « Foreign Secretary Speech: ‘Britain Is Back East of Suez’ », 9 décembre 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/foreign-secretary-speech-britain-is-back-east-of-suez, consulté le 19 mai 2022.
Labour Party, The New Britain: The Labour Party's Manifesto for the 1964 General Election (Londres, Labour Party, 1964).
Marder, Andrew, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume I: The Road to War 1904-1914 (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2013 [1961]).
Ministry of Aviation, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Aircraft Industry appointed by the Ministry of Aviation under the Chairmanship of Lord Plowden 1964-65, Cmnd 2863 (Londres, HMSO, 1965).
Ministry of Defence, Statement on the Defence Estimates 1966, Part II, Defence Estimates 1966-67, Cmnd 2901 (Londres, HMSO, Feb. 1966).
Namusoke, Eva, The Anglosphere, Race and Brexit in The Anglosphere: Continuity, Dissonance and Location (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019).
Nye, Joseph S., « Get smart: Combining hard and soft power » Foreign affairs 88/4, July/August 2009, pp. 160-163.
Nye, Joseph S., « Soft power: the evolution of a concept » Journal of Political Power 14/1, 2021.
Pickering, Jeffrey, Britain's withdrawal from East of Suez (Londres, Macmillan, 1998).
Policy Exchange, « A very British Tilt. Towards a new UK strategy in the Indo-Pacific Region, An interim report by Policy Exchange’s Indo-Pacific Commission » (Londres, 2020), https://policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/A-Very-British-Tilt.pdf, consulté le 16 mai 2022.
Rose, Lisle A., Power at Sea. The Age of Navalism, 1890-1918 (Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 2007).
Roskill, Stephen, Naval Policy Between the Wars, Volume I: The Period of Anglo-American Antagonism, 1919–1929 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2016 [1968]).
Scott, David, « Australia’s embrace of the ‘Indo-Pacific’: new term, new region, new strategy? », International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 13/3, 2013, pp. 425-448.
Stansfield, Gareth and Saul Kelly, « A Return to East of Suez? UK Military Deployment to the Persian Gulf », RUSI, 2013, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep38572, consulté le 16 mars 2022.
Sumida, John Tetsuro, In Defence of Naval Supremacy. Finance, Technology and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914 (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1989).
Till, Geoffrey, « The return of globalism: the Royal Navy east of Suez, 1975-2003 » in Greg Kennedy (ed.), British Naval Strategy East of Suez 1900-2000 – Influences and Actions (Londres, Routledge, 2021), pp. 244-268.
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Notes
Gouvernement britannique, Global Britain in a Competitive Age: the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy (Londres, Cabinet Office, 2021), https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy, consulté le 11 avril 2022.
House of Commons, « Global Britain: Sixth Report of Session 2017-19. Report of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee » (CP 780, March 2018), https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmfaff/780/780.pdf, consulté le 27 mai 2022.
Gouvernement britannique, Global Britain in a Competitive Age, p. 49.
Joseph S. Nye, « Get smart: Combining hard and soft power », Foreign affairs 88/4, July/August 2009, pp. 160-163.
« George Brown lost; the flag came down; the troops came home… ». Boris Johnson, « Foreign Secretary Speech: ‘Britain Is Back East of Suez’ », 9 December 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/foreign-secretary-speech-britain-is-back-east-of-suez, consulté le 19 mai 2022.
« We betrayed our relationships with Commonwealth countries such as Australia and New Zealand, and entered into preferential trading arrangements with what was then the European Economic Community ». Boris Johnson, « The Aussies are just like us, so let’s stop kicking them out », The Daily Telegraph, 25 August 2013.
« hard power can be invaluable to underpin soft power ». House of Lords, « Select Committee on Soft Power and the UK’s Influence – First Report: Persuasion and Power in the Modern World » (HL 150, March 2014), p. 50, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201314/ldselect/ldsoftpower/150/15002.htm, consulté le 4 septembre 2023.
Joseph S. Nye, « Soft power: the evolution of a concept », Journal of Political Power 14/1, 2021, p. 6.
Rudyard Kipling, « Mandalay », Barrack Room Ballads and Other Verses (London, Methuen, 1892).
Andrew Boyd, The Royal Navy in Eastern Waters: Linchpin of Victory, 1935–1942 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2017), p. 65.
Ministry of Defence, Statement on the Defence Estimates 1966, Part II, Defence Estimates 1966-67, CMND 2901 (Londres, HMSO, Feb. 1966).
12 Department of Defense, « Pacific Command Change Highlights Growing Importance of Indian Ocean Area », 31 May 2018, https://www.pacom.mil/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/1537107/pacific-command-change-highlights-growing-importance-of-indian-ocean-area/, consulté le 15 octobre 2022.
David Scott, « Australia’s embrace of the ‘Indo-Pacific’: new term, new region, new strategy? », International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 13/3, 2013, pp. 425-448.
« we cannot afford to relinquish our world rôle—our rôle which, for shorthand purposes, is some-times called our ‘east of Suez’ rôle », HC Deb 16 December 1964, vol 704, col 424, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1964/dec/16/foreign-affairs#column_424.
Eva Namusoke, The Anglosphere, Race and Brexit in the Anglosphere: Continuity, Dissonance and Location (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 238.
Gouvernement britannique, Global Britain in a Competitive Age, p. 5.
« Our departure from the European Union (EU) provides a unique opportunity to reconsider many aspects of our domestic and foreign policy, building on existing friendships but also looking further afield. We must exploit the freedom that comes with increased independence, such as the ability to forge new free trade deals. We must also do more to adapt to major changes in the world around us, including the growing importance of the Indo-Pacific region », Gouvernement britannique, Global Britain in a Competitive Age, p. 11.
House of Commons, « Global Britain: Sixth Report of Session 2017-19. Report of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee » (CP 780, March 2018), pp. 5 et 7, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmfaff/780/780.pdf , consulté le 27 mai 2022.
Policy Exchange, « A very British Tilt. Towards a new UK strategy in the Indo-Pacific Region, An interim report by Policy Exchange’s Indo-Pacific Commission » (Londres, 2020), https://policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/A-Very-British-Tilt.pdf , p. 21.
Barry Gough, Pax Britannica (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), p. 36.
William Clements, Britain's Island Fortresses: Defence of the Empire 1756–1956 (Barnsley, Pen and Sword, 2019), p. 192.
Cette guerre fut également le premier conflit auquel les Dominions contribuèrent en apportant un soutien substantiel à l’effort de guerre britannique.
En 1909 par exemple, l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande acceptent de financer la construction de deux croiseurs de bataille, qui porteront d'ailleurs leur nom. Voir John Tetsuro Sumida, In Defence of Naval Supremacy. Finance, Technology and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914 (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1989), p. 189.
Lisle A. Rose, Power at Sea. The Age of Navalism, 1890-1918 (Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 2007), p. 145.
Andrew Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume I: The Road to War 1904-1914 (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2013 [First edition 1961]), p. 270.
Stephen Roskill, Naval Policy Between the Wars, Volume I: The Period of Anglo-American Antagonism, 1919–1929 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2016 [First edition 1968]), p. 293.
Selon ce principe, la Royal Navy devait être en mesure de vaincre les forces de deux marines alliées contre elle.
Winston S. Churchill, The second world war. The Grand Alliance (Boston, Houghton, 1950), p. 858.
Andrew Boyd, The Royal Navy in Eastern Waters: Linchpin of Victory, 1935–1942 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2017).
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 65.
Philip Darby, British Defence Policy East of Suez, 1947-1968 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1973).
Jeffrey Pickering, Britain’s withdrawal from East of Suez (Londres, Macmillan, 1998).
Saki Dockrill, Britain’s Retreat from East of Suez (Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Singapour quitte la fédération en 1965.
« Flagrant waste on missile and other projects has diverted funds and resources from urgently needed defence projects […] Many thousands of millions have been spent on the aircraft industry, but because of lurches in strategic policy, wrong priorities, and grave errors in the choice of aircraft, we are now in a position where obsolete types have not been replaced », Labour Party, The New Britain: The Labour Party's Manifesto for the 1964 General Election (Londres, 1964).
C’était ce qui avait convaincu le Premier ministre conservateur Harold Macmillan à partir de 1960. Voir David Gowland and Arthur Turner, Reluctant Europeans – Britain and European Integration 1945-1998 (Harlow, Longman, 2000), p. 117.
Jeffrey Pickering, Britain's withdrawal from East of Suez, p. 156.
« It is our policy to ensure that we have the necessary strength to be able to fulfil our commitments to our Commonwealth partners, our allies, and to undertake any measures which will be necessary for the purpose of the peace-keeping activities of the United Nations. It will be one of the principal objectives of the review of defence roles and strengths to ensure that we are able to do this in the area east of Suez », HC Deb 01 June 1965 vol 713 cc1504-6.
Philip Darby, « Beyond East of Suez », International Affairs 46/4, Oct. 1970, p. 656.
Ministry of Defence, Statement on the Defence Estimates 1966, Part II, p. 1.
David K. Brown and George Moore, Rebuilding the Royal Navy: warship design since 1945 (Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing, 2012), p. 54.
Ibid., p. 59.
Les missiles guidés commencent à être perçus comme des alternatives crédibles permettant à des navires plus petits de disposer de capacités de frappe à long distance à moindre coût.
Dockrill, Britain’s Retreat from East of Suez, p. 39.
Ibid., p. 139.
Ministry of Defence, Statement on the Defence Estimates 1966, Cmnd. 2901 and 2902.
HC Deb 22 February 1966, vol. 725, cc254-65.
Ministry of Aviation, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Aircraft Industry appointed by the Ministry of Aviation under the Chairmanship of Lord Plowden 1964-65, Cmnd 2863 (Londres, HMSO, 1965).
Intervention du Ministre de l'Aviation, Fred Mulley à la Chambre des communes, le 1er février 1966, HC Deb 01 February 1966 vol. 723 cc891.
Dockrill, Britain’s Retreat from East of Suez, p. 83.
Ibid., p. 82.
« This aircraft replaces the cancelled TSR2, designed by the previous Government primarily as an aircraft for use in the European theatre », HC Deb 01 March 1967 vol 742 cc476-7.
HC Deb 25 January 1968 vol 757 cc633.
Gareth Stansfield and Saul Kelly, « A Return to East of Suez? UK Military Deployment to the Persian Gulf », RUSI, 2013, p. 5, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep38572, consulté le 16 mars 2022.
William D. James, « Global Britain's strategic problem East of Suez », European Journal of International Security 6/2, 2021, p. 172.
Geoffrey Till, « The return of globalism : the Royal Navy east of Suez, 1975-2003 » in Greg Kennedy (ed.), British Naval Strategy East of Suez 1900-2000 – Influences and Actions (London, Routledge, 2021), p. 250.
Le détachement de l’archipel des Chagos est contesté par l’île Maurice. Le différend a fait l’objet en 2019 d’un avis consultatif de la Cour Internationale de Justice, sollicitée par l’Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies, dont la conclusion est que la décolonisation de l’île Maurice n’a pas été menée jusqu’à son terme en raison de cette séparation. Cette décision, en dépit de son caractère consultatif, fragilise clairement la position britannique dans l’océan Indien. Voir S. Bashfield et E. Katselli Proukaki, « The Rules-Based Order, International Law and the British Indian Ocean Territory: Do as I Say, Not as I Do », German Law Journal 23, 2022, pp. 713-737.
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK-Bahrain sign landmark defence agreement, 5 December 2014, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-bahrain-sign-landmark-defence-agreement, consulté le 22 juin 2022.
Stansfield and Kelly, « A Return to East of Suez? », p. 11.
Nicholas Soames, Armed Forces Minister, HC Deb 24 February 1997 vol 291 cc102.
Ensemble de traités bilatéraux entre le Royaume-Uni, Singapour, la Malaisie, l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande prévoyant des consultations en cas de conflit armé et fournissant un cadre à l'organisation d'exercices militaires conjoints.
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