Bibliography
Aliverti, Ana, Crimes of Mobility: Criminal Law and the Regulation of Immigration (London, Routledge, 2013).
Bosanquet, Nicholas, After the New Right (London, Heinemann, 1983).
Clarke, Janet, and Newman, John, The Managerial State (London, Sage, 1997).
Clarke, Janet, Gewirtz, Sharon and McLaghlin, Eugin, New Managerialism: New Welfare (London, Sage, 2000).
Fée, David, ‘Le logement et l’Etat-Providence, 1979-1997’, in A. Kober Smith and T. Whitton, L’Etat-Providence : Bilan de 18 années de pouvoir conservateur (1979-1997), Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, IX : IV, pp. 133-149.
Forrest, Ray, ‘The Privatisation of Collective Consumption’, in M. Gottdiener, C. Pickvance (eds.), Urban Life in Transition, Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, vol. 39, London, Sage, 1991, pp. 169-195.
Hayes, Mark, The New Right in Britain, An Introduction to Theory and Practice (London, Pluto Press, 1994).
Hood, Christopher, ‘The New Public Management in the 1980s, variations on a theme’, Accounting Organisation and Society, 20 (1), 1995.
Home Affairs Committee, Evidence, 25 June 2013, Q207-23.
House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee, Asylum Accommodation, Twelfth Report of Session 2016-17, HC 637 (London, HMSO, 2017).
House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee, Thirteenth Report of Session 2017-19, Asylum Accommodation: Replacing Compass, HC 1758 (London, HMSO, 2018).
ICIBI, An Inspection of the Home Office’s Management of Asylum Accommodation Provision (London, ICIBI, 2018.
Jenkins, Simon, Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts (London, Penguin Books, 2007).
Kavanagh, Denis, Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus? (Oxford, OUP, 1987).
LeGrand, Julian and Robinson, Ray (eds.), Privatisation and the Welfare State (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1984.
Lister, Ruth, ‘The Age of responsibility: social policy and citizenship in the early 21st century’, in Christopher Holden et al., Social Policy Review 23, 2011, pp. 63-85.
Ministry of Housing and Local Government, A New Deal for Social Housing CM 9671 (London, HMSO, 2017).
Murie, Alan, Forrest, Ray, Selling the Welfare State: The Privatisation of Public Housing, (London, Routledge, 1988).
Murie, Alan, The Right to Buy: Selling Off Public and Social Housing (Bristol, Policy Press, 2016).
National Audit Office, Compass Contracts for the provision of asylum seekers, HC 880 (London, NAO, 2014).
Pearl, Martyn and Zetter, Roger, ‘From Refuge to Exclusion: Housing as an Instrument of Social Exclusion for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK’, in Peter Somerville and Andy Steele, ‘Race’, Housing and Social Exclusion (London: Jessica Kingsley, 2002), pp. 226-244.
Pollitt, Christopher, Managerialism and Public Services (Oxford, OUP, 1993).
Pierson, Christopher, Retrenchment and the Welfare State (Cambridge, CUP, 1994).
Pierson, Christopher, Beyond the Welfare State: the New Political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge, Polity, 2006 ed.
Secretary of State for the Home Department, The 1998 White Paper Fairer, Faster and Firmer, A Modern Approach to Immigration and Asylum, Cm 4018 (London, HMSO, 1998).
Shelter, No Place like Home? Adressing the Issues of Housing and Migration, Policy: Discussion Paper, London: Shelter, 2008.
Stumpf, Juliet, “The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime and Sovereign Power”, American University Law Review, vol. 56, pp. 367- 420, 2006
Sturge, Georgina, Asylum Seekers, House of Commons Library, Number SNO1403, 2020
Twinch, Emily, ‘G4S misses asylum seekers deadline’, Inside Housing, 16/11/2012
UK Parliament, Asylum Accommodation and Support, Schedule 2, statement of requirements, § 1.1.2., <http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2018-1112/AIRE_Contract-Schedule_2-SoR_-_HOC_Published.pdf>, [12 June 2020].
Whitehead, Christine, ‘Privatisation and Housing’, in LEGRAND, J., ROBINSON, R. (eds.), Privatisation and the Welfare State (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1984).
Williams, Mark, ‘Under fire Housing Firm says Move away from Asylum Seekers Home Management is not because of Complaints, The Herald, 23 September 2016, <https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14759915.under-fire-housing-firm-says-move-away-from-asylum-seeker-home-management-is-not-because-of-complaints/> [12 June 2020].
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Notes
See for instance Deborah Phillips, “Moving Towards Integration: The Housing of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Britain”, Housing Studies, XXI: 4, 2006.
See for instance Steve Doughty, “Nine Asylum Seekers a week are found to be lying about being children in desperate bids to stay in Britain”, The Daily Mail, 10 September 2018.
Refugee status is defined under Article 1 and 2 of the 1951 United Nations Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees as “[…] any person who is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country […]” see UNHCR, United Nations Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 1 and 2. The UK signed the Refugee Convention in 1954 and the Protocol in 1967.
Resettled people are granted refugee status while still living abroad and before being brought to the UK. For instance, Syrians are a category of resettled people and a target to resettle 20,000 Syrians by 2020 has been set by the UK government. Resettled people are not included in asylum seekers statistics. By 2018, there were four different resettlement schemes.
Although ‘the new right’ is not a term that everyone agrees with. See Denis Kavanagh, Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus? (Oxford, OUP, 1987).
Even though in practice the ‘free market’ is largely a myth. See Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 2011).
Nicholas Bosanquet, After the New Right (London, Heinemann, 1983), p. 5.
Ibid, p. 22.
Mark Hayes, The New Right in Britain, An Introduction to Theory and Practice (London, Pluto Press, London, 1994), p. 29.
Janet Clarke and John Newman, The Managerial State (London, Sage, 1997)
Julien LeGrand, Ray Robinson (eds.), Privatisation and the Welfare State (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1984), p. 4.
Simon Jenkins, Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts (London, Penguin Books, 2007)
As consumers and providers, see Christopher Pierson, Beyond the Welfare State: the New Political Economy of Welfare (Cambridge, Polity, 2006 ed.), p. 136.
Bosanquet, op. cit., p. 22.
LeGrand and Robinson, op.cit., p. 22.
Ray Forrest, ‘The Privatisation of Collective Consumption’, in M. Gottdiener, C. Pickvance (eds.), Urban Life in Transition, Urban Affairs Annual Reviews 39 (1991), p. 174.
Tenants Management Organisations were created in 1993 and Arm’s Length Management Organisations in 2002. They were both designed to take the daily management of council housing away from councils.
Ibid.
John Clarke, Sharon Gewirtz, Eugene McLaughlin, New Managerialism, New Welfare (London, Sage, 2000).
Christopher Pollitt, Managerialism and Public Services (Oxford, OUP, 1993).
Christopher Hood, ‘The New Public Management in the 1980s, variations on a theme’, Accounting Organisation and Society, XX: I, 1995.
LeGrand and Robinson, op. cit., p. 69.
The amount of money the government needs to borrow to make up the difference between what it spends and what it gets from taxes.
David Fée, « Le logement et l’Etat-Providence, 1979-1997 », in A. Kober Smith and T. Whitton, L’Etat-Providence : Bilan de 18 années de pouvoir conservateur (1979-1997), Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, IX : IV, pp. 133-149.
The Right to Buy policy was launched in 1980 and has consisted in giving sitting tenants the right to buy their council house/flat with ever larger discounts with each new Housing Act.
Christopher Pierson, Retrenchment and the Welfare State (Cambridge, CUP, 1994), p. 79.
Christine Whitehead, ‘Privatisation and the Welfare State’, in Julien LeGrand and Ray Robinson, op. cit., p. 120.
Alan Murie, Ray Forrest, Selling the Welfare State: The Privatisation of Public Housing (London, Routledge, 1988), p. 74.
MHLG, A New Deal for Social Housing Cm 9671 (London, HMSO, 2017), p. 17.
See <https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/housing/social-housing/renting-from-a-local-authority-or-housing-association-social-housing/latest#:~:text=households%20with%20higher%20rates%20of,Caribbean%20(40%25)%20ethnic%20groups> [1 September 2020].
Alan Murie, The Right to Buy: Selling Off Public and Social Housing (Bristol, Policy Press, 2016), p. 65.
Theresa May, the then Home Secretary declared in a statement to The Telegraph on 25 May 2012 that her aim was “to create here in Britain a really hostile environment for illegal migration, see The Telegraph, ‘Theresa May’s Interview: We are going to give illegal migrants a really hostile reception’.
Georgina Sturge, Asylum Statistics, House of Commons Library, Briefing Papers SN01403 (London, HMSO, 2020), p. 3.
Between 2014 and 2019, 25,493 people were resettled to the UK, mainly from Syria and the surrounding region. Resettlement programmes accounted for about 23% of the people granted humanitarian protection in the UK since 2014, Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 20.
Ibid., p. 7.
Ibid., p. 10.
In May 2007, Margaret Hodge, then Minister for Work and Pensions, claimed that migrants were getting access to social housing at the expense of British households.
Shelter, No Place like Home? Addressing the Issue of Housing and Migration, Discussion Paper (London, Shelter, 2008), p. 6 and p. 11.
Martyn Pearl and Roger Zetter, ‘From Refuge to Exclusion’, Housing as an Instrument of Social Exclusion for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK’, in Peter Somerville and Andy Steele, ‘Race’, Housing and Social Exclusion (London, Jessica Langley Publishers, 2002), p. 227.
Ibid. p. 228.
Secretary of State for the Home Department, Fairer, Faster and Firmer, A Modern Approach to Immigration and Asylum, Cm 4018 (London, HMSO, 1998).
Ibid., p. 3.
Ibid.
Ruth Lister, ‘The Age of responsibility: social policy and citizenship in the early 21st century’, in C. Holden et al., Social Policy Review 23, 2011, pp. 63-85.
Although a High Court ruling in October 1996 re-established the rights of in-country applicants if without means of their own, see Phillips, op. cit., p. 4.
Phillips, op. cit., p. 543.
House of Commons Affairs Committee, Asylum Accommodation, HC 637 (London, HMSO, 2017), § 114.
Namely a policy agenda combining immigration and asylum control and criminalisation measures, see Juliet Stumpf, “The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime and Sovereign Power”, American University Law Review, vol. 56, pp. 367- 420, 2006 and A. Aliverti, Crimes of Mobility: Criminal Law and the Regulation of Immigration (London: Routledge, 2013).
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., p. 43.
Ibid., p. 14.
Secretary of State for the Home Department, 1998, op. cit., § 8.6.
Phillips, op. cit., p. 4.
Interview 1 with former policy officer, West Midlands Migration Partnership, 7 February 2020.
Secretary of State for the Home Department, 1998, op. cit., § 8.23.
Ibid., § 3.5.
Phillips, op. cit., p. 543.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., §1, p. 3.
House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, Asylum Accommodation: replacing COMPASS, HC 1758, London, HMSO, 2018, §2, p. 5.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit. §117, p. 45.
Ibid, §3.
<http://www.Serco.com/about> [1 September 2020].
Ibid.
<http://www.ready-homes.co.uk/index.php?page=who-we-are> [13 June 2020].
House of Commons, 2018, op. cit., p. 23.
National Audit Office, Compass Contracts for the provision of asylum seekers, HC 880, London, NAO, 2014, § 3.2.
House of Commons, op. cit., 2018, p. 21.
Ibid., p. 9.
Ibid., p. 20.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., p. 16.
Ibid., p. 9.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit, p. 24.
ICIBI, An Inspection of the Home Office’s Management of Asylum Accommodation Provision (London, ICIBI, 2018), §3.14.
Ibid., §3.13.
House of Commons, 2018, op. cit., p. 14.
Ibid., p. 21.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., § 84.
Ibid, §85.
Emily Twinch, “G4S misses Asylum Seekers Deadline”, Inside Housing, 16/11/12
Phillips, op. cit., p. 543.
House of Commons, 2018, op. cit. p. 28.
Ibid., p. 24.
<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-50389904> [13 June 2020].
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., p. 43.
Pearl and Zetter, op. cit., 2002, p. 240.
House of Commons, 2017, op. cit., p. 5.
UK Parliament, Asylum Accommodation and Support, Schedule 2, statement of requirements, § 1.1.2., <http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2018-1112/AIRE_Contract-Schedule_2-SoR_-_HOC_Published.pdf> [12 June 2020].
Mark Williamson, ‘Under fire Housing Firm says Move away from Asylum Seekers Home Management is not because of Complaints’, The Herald, 23 September 2016, <https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14759915.under-fire-housing-firm-says-move-away-from-asylum-seeker-home-management-is-not-because-of-complaints/> [12 June 2020].
Home Affairs Committee, Evidence, 25 June 2013, Q207-23.
Interview 2 with current lead officer and assistant officer, West Midlands Migration Partnership, 7 February 2020.
Interview 1.
House of Commons, 2018, op. cit., pp. 25-30 and House of Commons, 2018, op. cit., p. 15.
<https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2019-01-08/HCWS1237/> [1 September 2020].
<https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2016-12-08/HCWS335/> [1 September 2020].
The Home Affairs committee was told the government would seek “the most economically advantageous tender”, see House of Commons, 2018, op. cit., p. 28.
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