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II. Le développement instrumental et méthodologique

Studies on Romanian prehistoric bronze artifacts at ATOMKI Debrecen

Bogdan Constantinescu, Angela Vasilescu, Catalina Chiojdeanu et Daniela Stan
p. 61

Texte intégral

  • 1 Lyubomirova et al., 2015; Pernicka et al., 1993; Pernicka et al., 1997; Radivojevic et al., 2010.

1Compositional studies on ancient bronze artefacts and on the possible provenance of their copper and tin contents are performed all around the world. For South-Eastern Europe, Balkan Bronze Age artifacts have been studied in relation to the compositional pattern of ancient mines from Serbia and Bulgaria1.

  • 2 Petrescu-Dimbovita, 1997.

2We decided to start a similar investigation on Bronze Age bronze artifacts found on Romanian territory and to compare the results with already published data on old regional mines – Austria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria. A series of 30 samples from 12 Bronze Age copper-based objects2 – sickles, celts, knives, small ingots (fig. 1) – belonging to Santana (votive deposit), Spalnaca (foundry deposit), Drajna de Jos (votive deposit) and two native copper samples from Balan (Eastern Transylvania) and Rudabanya.Santana, Spalnaca and Drajna de Jos deposits (fig. 2) have been studied by micro-PIXE at ATOMKI.

Fig. 1. Examples of analyzed artifacts

Fig. 1. Examples of analyzed artifacts

© Bogdan Constantinescu.

Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of archaeological deposits cyanide and geological copper sources red

Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of archaeological deposits cyanide and geological copper sources red
  • 3 Vasilescu et al., 2013.

3The results3 showed that trace elements like cobalt, selenium, bismuth, mercury and brome as well as indium and silver could be possible indicators of certain metal sources. More specifically, mercury has been identified in a Hungarian native copper sample and lead a Transylvanian source. Bismuth has been detected in a set of Drajna sickles, partly superposed with a set containing mercury; this suggests partly use of re-melted Alpine and maybe also Hungarian copper (and probable commercial links with the region).

4Micro-PIXE can describe the local composition of the objects, the local in-homogeneity in their structure and put in evidence the presence of trace elements in the copper (Sb, Co, Ag, Se). Averaged over a sufficient area, they can give an accurate global composition of the material. We can suggest possible sources for some items, mainly for early objects made of impure copper, less for later bronzes, due to remelting.

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Bibliographie

Lyubomirova V., Djingova R., Kuleff I., 2015, “Comparison of analytical tehniques for analysis of archaeological bronze”, Archaeometry, 57, 4, p. 677-686.

Pernicka E., Begemann F., Schmitt-Strecker S., Wagner G.A., 1993, “Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age Copper artefacts from the Balkans and their relation to Serbian Copper ores”, Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 68, p.1-54.

Pernicka E., Begemann F., Schmitt-Strecker S., Todorova H., Kuleff I., 1997, “Prehistoric Copper in Bulgaria – Its composition and provenance”, Eurasia Antiqua, 3, p. 41-180.

Petrescu-Dimbovita M., 1997, Bronze deposits in Romania, Editura Academiei, Bucharest.

Radivojevic M., Rehren T., Pernicka E., Sljivar D., Brauns M., Boric D., 2010, “On the origins of extractive metallurgy: new evidence from Europe”, J. Arch. Sci., 37, p. 2775-2787.

Vasilescu A., Constantinescu B., Chiojdeanu C., Stan D., Simon R., Ceccato D., Simon A., Kertesz Z., Szikszai Z., Uzonyi I., Csedreki L., Furu E., 2013, “Elemental characterization of Bronze Age copper objects by micro-beam measurements”, Romanian Reports in Physics, Vol. 65, No. 4, P., p. 1222-1233.

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Notes

1 Lyubomirova et al., 2015; Pernicka et al., 1993; Pernicka et al., 1997; Radivojevic et al., 2010.

2 Petrescu-Dimbovita, 1997.

3 Vasilescu et al., 2013.

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Table des illustrations

Titre Fig. 1. Examples of analyzed artifacts
Crédits © Bogdan Constantinescu.
URL http://journals.openedition.org/techne/docannexe/image/684/img-1.jpg
Fichier image/jpeg, 176k
Titre Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of archaeological deposits cyanide and geological copper sources red
URL http://journals.openedition.org/techne/docannexe/image/684/img-2.jpg
Fichier image/jpeg, 380k
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Référence papier

Bogdan Constantinescu, Angela Vasilescu, Catalina Chiojdeanu et Daniela Stan, « Studies on Romanian prehistoric bronze artifacts at ATOMKI Debrecen »Technè, 43 | 2016, 61.

Référence électronique

Bogdan Constantinescu, Angela Vasilescu, Catalina Chiojdeanu et Daniela Stan, « Studies on Romanian prehistoric bronze artifacts at ATOMKI Debrecen »Technè [En ligne], 43 | 2016, mis en ligne le 19 décembre 2019, consulté le 06 septembre 2026. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/techne/684 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/techne.684

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Auteurs

Bogdan Constantinescu

“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Roumanie.
(bconst[at]nipne.ro)

Angela Vasilescu

“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Roumanie.

Catalina Chiojdeanu

“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Roumanie.

Daniela Stan

“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Roumanie.

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