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Notes
Mario Praz, The Romantic Agony (London: Fontana Library, 1960, trans. Angus Davidson; orig. publ. OUP, 1933) 22 [individuum...]; W.H.Auden, “In Memory of W. B. Yeats (d. Jan. 1939),” in: W. H. Auden, Collected Poems 1927-1957 (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1966) 141-143 [“ranches of isolation...”].
Mel Gussow, Don’t Say Yes Until I Finish Talking: A Biography of Darryl F. Zanuck (New York: Pocket Books-Simon & Schuster, 1972; oig. publ. 1971) 85.
Mel Gussow, Don’t Say Yes Until I Finish Talking (1972) 86.
John Hammond (1910-1987) produced Bob Dylan (aka: “Hammond’s Folly”); Phil Spector (b.1940) produced The Ronettes, The Crystals, The Righteous Brothers; George Martin (b.1926) produced The Beatles; Ahmet Ertegun (1923-2006) founded Atlantic Records, shaped the careers of Ray Charles, John Coltrane, Rolling Stones, among others. Quincy Jones (b.1933) produced Michael Jackson’s Thriller album. All among others. A major, equivalent, US jazz figure would be Duke Ellington’s aranger Billy Strayhorn (1915-1967). See: Virgil Moorefield, The Producer as Composer: Shaping the Sounds of Popular Music (2005).
Though Perkins was cautious about his own input. “I believe the writer [...] should always be the final judge. I have always held to that position and have sometimes seen books hurt thereby, but at least as often helped. The book belongs to the author.” See: A. Scott Berg, Max Perkins: Editor of Genius (New York: Dutton, 1978); James Thurber. The Years With Ross. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959).
The seven arts with cinema as the culminating “plastic art in motion” as clarified by film critic Ricciotto Canudo (1879-1923) in his “Birth of a Sixth Art” (Paris: 1911) and “Reflections on the Seventh Art” (1923).
George Clapp Vaillant (1905-1945) Harvard-trained anthropologist, US diplomat and archaeologist, from: George Clapp Vaillant, Azttecs of Mexico (New York: Penguin, 1978, 2nd revised edn. by Suzannah B. Vaillant) Ch. 9, “Craftsmanship” 149.
See: Erwin O. Christensen, The Index of American Design (New York & Wash., D.C.: The Macmillan Co. & The National Gallery of Art-Smithsonian Institution, 1950). The Index originally conceived as one of the main divisions of the Federal Art Project by painter & pragmatist Ruth Reeves (1892-1966) and Romana Javitz. Some of the Index is online @: “http://www.nga.gov/collection/iad/history/making5.shtm”. In The Index of American Design one can look and see the craft-art meld in the business of the Pennsylvania-German Conestoga wagon of 1800; in George Lawrence’s Circus Wagon of 1887-1890; Eunice W. Cook’s appliqué picture of gossiping women from the nineteenth century; in the Boston Navy Yard’s figureheads of the 1830s; in choice American tavern signs from the 18th & 19th centuries; and in the American chisel-edged broad axe that’s the symbol of a whole world and but the sublime and practical “extension of a man’s hand.”—as noted about the American broad axe: Eric Sloane, Tools (New York: Ballantine Books, Commemorative 4 Vol. Eric Sloan collection, 1976, orig. publ. 1964) 14-17. Objects as listed in Index on, respectively, pages: 43, 156, 188, 64-66, 189, 192, 103, 44. Quote about the American broad axe: Eric Sloane, Tools (New York: Ballantine Books, Commemorative 4 Vol. Eric Sloan collection, 1976, orig. publ. 1964) 14-17. See also the recent: Virginia Tuttle Clayton, Elizabeth Stillinger, Erika Doss & Deborah Chotner, Drawing on America’s Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design (Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2003) ; & Howard Risatti, A Theory of Craft: Function and Aesthetic Expression (Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2007).
Along with the classic objects just mentioned from The Index of American Design, a cluster of noteworthy, late-twentieth century craft examples can be seen in the works of people such as the US weaver and manufacturer Jack Lenor Larsen “whose life bridges art and commerce,” in the work of wood maker Sam Maloof, the metal smith Albert Paley and the textile maker Lia Cook.Barbara Diamonstein, Handmade in America (New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1983), q. 120.
Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan (Detroit suburb), @: http://www.cranbrookart.edu/Pages/AboutUs.html”; Rhode Island School of Design, @: “http://www.risd.edu/”. Cranbrook is now about 75 years old, RISD was founded in 1877.
From current review of Mark Saltzman’s The Tin Pan Alley Rag: Mark Blankenship, “Dynamic Duo of Tin Pan Alley,” IHT/New York Times, July 8, 2009, 8; a play based on this thematic conflict; whose book is by Mark Saltzman, music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and Scott Joplin, and was first produced at the Pasadena, Playhouse, Ca., 1997 and is not yet listed as published. See: The Playwrights Database—doolle.com” @: “http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsS/saltzman-mark.html”.
S. Reinach, Apollo: An Illustrated Manual of the History of Art Throughout the Ages (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910, 3rd edn.) 1-2. Italics in Reinach edn.
S. Reinach, Apollo ( 1910.) 2.
Arnold J. Toynbee, “A Business School of Intellectual Action,” Chicago Review, Vol.9, No.1 (Spring 1955), 6-27. In text hereafter: Toynbee, followed by page number of quote.
All of Arnold J. Toynbee’s key examples in the “business school of intellectual action” were historians, whose talent, as Ernest Renan wrote, “lies in their creating a true ensemble out of facts which are but half-truths”. Ernest Renan, preface to 13th edition of La Vie de Jesus (1863).
India House was the East India Company, where Mill worked as a civil servant from 1823-1858. See: Chew Yong Jack, “J.S. Mill’s Carrrer at the East India Company,” @: “http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/mill/career.html”;
Theodore Dreiser, Trilogy of Desire Three Novels by Theodore Dreiser The Financier [1912] The Titan [1914] The Stoic [1945] (New York: World Publishing-Times Mirror, 1972), Introd. Philip L. Gerber, 43-44. Dreiser’s Cowperwood Trilogy, aka: “The Trilogy of Desire”; Charles Tyson Yerkes, Jr. (1837-1905), US banker, stock speculator, and mass-transit system entrepreneur; among other infamies & achievements, Yerkes was responsible for the great Chicago elevated railroad “Loop”, aka: the L tracks or L trains.
Anonymous, “Slaves to some defunct economist,” review of Justin Fox, The Myth of the Rational Market: A History of Risk, Reward, and Delusion on Wall Street (New York: HarperBusiness, 2009) in The Economist, Vol. 391, No. 8635, June 13, 2009, 83
James Cracraft, Daniel Bruce Rowland, Eds., Architectures of Russian Identity (Ithaca, New York:: Cornell University Press, 2004) 156.
Mike Gane, “Lenin, Vladimir,” in: Ellis Cashmore & Chris Rojek, Dictionary of Cultural Theorists (London: Arnold-Hodder Headline Group, 1999) 302-304, q.304. V.I. Lenin, Lenin on Literature and Art (Newark, New Jersey: Wildside Press, 2008).
Herbert Marcuse, Negations: Essays in Critical Theory (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968) Ch. III “The Affirmative Character of Culture”, 88-133, q. 89; orig. publ. in German in Zeitschrift fur Sozialforschung, vol. VI, 1937, trans. by Jeremy J. Shapiro.
James E. McLellan III, Harold Dorn, Science and Technology in World History (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006, 2nd edn.) 352..
See The Museum of Broadcast Communications biography of Mary Tyler Moore @: “http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/M/htmlM/mooremaryt/mooremaryt.htm” and the first volume of her autobiography: After All (New York: Putnam, 1995).
“Roosevelt’s address on The Museum of Modern Art, as printed in the Herald Tribune on May 11, 1939” ; full text @: “http://www.moma.org/research/archives/highlights/04_1939.html”.
Limits of space & focus forbid longer discourse about the importance of the businessman as artist figure in Western Civilization as a whole, but Solon (circa 638-559 BC) would be a good place to start. Solon was, as scholars from Plutarch to Michael Grant have pointed out, a wonderful “combination of thinker, poet, businessman.” See: Michael Grant, The Rise of the Greeks (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1987) 47; & Plutarch’s life of Solon in etext format @ “http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/674”.
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Viking, 1956) Vol. II, Ch. 11, “In What Spirit Americans Cultivate the Arts,” 50-55, both quotes; NB: last, proofed edition of Democracy in America published during Tocqueville’s lifetime was in 1850.
See, e.g., listing on “The Drama” in the 1922 Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words & Phrases @: “http://www.bartleby.com/110/599.html”. For Haydn: Jens Peter Larsen, The New Grove Haydn (New Grove Composer Biographies) (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997).
See “monstre” in: Paul Augé, Larousse du Xxe Siècle en six volumes (Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1931) tome quatrième, 954.
See the New York Academy of Medicine’s web site: “A Telling of Wonders: Teratology in Western Medicine through 1800” @: “http://www.nyam.org/initiatives/im-histe_ter1.shtml”.
Leslie Fiedler, Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self (New York: Simon & Schuster 1978) 24.
See History’s channel’s “P.T.Barnum and the Birth of the Freak Show,” currently online @:
“http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgtkT8MfXAo&feature=channel_page”.
Without which era one would not have had contemporary movements like Pop Art, Photorealism and Hyperrealism; New wave singer-poet Patti Smith; singer-poets Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen; and in literature the spicy new spiritualism of popular culture in North American writers the likes of Douglas Coupland and (1961- ) and the bacchanal realism of Donna Tart (1963- ).
Invaluable for this subject is Lawrence W. Levine, Highbrow Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988), Chapter 3 “Order, Hierarchy, and Culture,” 171- 242.
Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Ch. XXXIII.
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. G.Lawrence, Ed. J. P. Mayer (1969) 256.
Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), letter, January 29, 1839, to Francis P. Blair, Jackson Papers, Library of Congress.
William Wordsworth, “Resolution and Independence” (aka: “The Leech Gatherer”) 1802, 1807, l. 140, in: Thomas Hutchinson, Ed., The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth (London: Oxford University Press, 1964) 155-157.
Andrew Jackson, Farewell address, March 4, 1837. Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, vol. II, Ed. J.D. Richardson, Washington (1908).
Herman Melville, Moby Dick (1851), Ch. 26, “Knights and Squires”.
Herman Melville, Moby Dick (1851), Ch. 107, “The Carpenter”.
Melville, Moby Dick, Ch. 13, “Wheelbarrow”.
Melville, Moby Dick, Ch. 72, “The Monkey Rope”.
Thomas C. Cochran, Wayne Andrews, Eds., Concise Dictionary of American History (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962) 891; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Jackson (New York: Mentor-NAL, 1949; D. P. Geddes edn. of the 1945 orig. edn.) 66-67.
As detailed later on in this essay, section: “American movies and ‘business or art?’ debate.
A fourth representative thinker of the time, Matthew Arnold, pushed this opposition to total incompatibility. Middle class life that grubbed for money was hopelessly vulgar, and here America was worst of all. It had none of the truth, education, refinement and high seriousness demanded by Art and Culture. As Christopher Morley wrote about Arnold in Morley’s poem “Points of View”: “When Abraham Lincoln was murdered / The one thing that interested Matthew Arnold / Was that the assassin shouted in Latin / As he lept on the stage. / This convinced Matthew / That there was still hope for America.” See, Christopher Morley, Poems (Garden City, New Jersey: Doubleday Doran, 1929).
Quotes “Aristocracy and Priesthood...” and “The Leaders of Industry...” respectively from Carlyle’s Past and Present (1843), Book IV, Ch. 1, Ch. 4, online @: “http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13534/13534.txt”; while “Literaery men... ” from Carlyle’s 1827 essay “The State of German Literature”.
Simon Heffer, Moral Desperado – A Life of Thomas Carlyle (London: Phoenix Giant-Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995) 229.
Simon Heffer, Moral Desperado (1995) 229.
“Wealth,” from Emerson, The Conduct of Life (1860)) in: Joel Porte, Ed., Emerson, Essays and Lectures (New York: The Library of America-Viking Press, 1983) 989-1011, q. 1004.
“Wealth,” Conduct of Life, J. Porte, Ed., Emerson, Essays (1983), 989.
“Wealth,” Conduct of Life, J. Porte, Ed., Emerson, Essays (1983), 1005. Brook Farm was an experiment in communal living in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, 1841-47, whose members included Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Orestes Brownson, Bronson Alcott and Nathaniel Hawthorne (who partly fictionalized Brook Farm in his novel Blithdale Romance, 1852). Influenced by French Socialist Charles Fourier, Brook Farm was one of many US communes of the time which tried to create an ideal community that reconciled the worker and the thinker.
Bible, New Testament, Jesus, Matthew, 6:24, from the Sermon on the Mount.
Plato, The Republic, VI, 493 e – 494 a. See the fine English-language version: Richard W. Sterling, William C. Scott, translators, Plato The Republic (New York: W. W. Norton Co., 1985) 183.
Bertrand de Jouvenal, “The Treatment of Capitalism by Continental Historians,” in F. A. Hayek, Ed., Capitalism and the Historians (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954), relevant area: 118-120.
W. H. Auden, The Dyer’s Hand & Other Essays (London: Faber & Faber, 1963), “The Virgin & The Dynamo,” 71.
“In Memory of W. B. Yeats (d. Jan. 1939),” in: W. H. Auden, Collected Poems 1927-1957 (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1966) 141-143.
W. H. Auden, The Dyer’s Hand (1963), “The Poet & the City”, 83.
Auden, Dyer’s Hand (1963), “The Virgin & The Dynamo”.
All quotations from Aristotle in this section, unless otherwise referenced, from: Aristotle, The Poetics, 47 a 8; 51 a 36; 54 b 8; 52 a 29, and from: E. H. Blakeney translation in Allan H. Gilbert, Literary Criticism: Plato to Dryden (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1962) 68-124.
Age-old attributed quote to Aristotle, see, e.g; T. M. & M. J. Cohen, The Penguin Dictionary of Quotations (London: Penguin, 1960) 10, or in Bartlett’s. For Nietzsche on art & truth: Friedrich Nietzsche, Nietzsche Contra Wagner (Leipzig: C. G. Naumann, 1889), “Epilogue”—full text online @: “http://www.davemckay.co.uk/philosophy/nietzsche/nietzsche. php?name=nietzsche. 1888.nietzschecontrawagner.kaufmann.10”.
Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaisance in Italy (London: Phaidon Publs., Inc., 1950, 3rd revised edn., trans. by S. G. C. Midlemore; orig. publ. Basel, 1860).
Jacob Burkhardt, Civilization of the Renaisance in Italy (1950, 1860) 81.
Leon Battista Alberti’s motto, as cited by Burkhardt, Civilization of the Renaisance in Italy (1950, 1860) 87; Florentine architect, gymnast, novelist, mathematician, horseman, inventor of a “camera obscura” and author of the important treatise De re aedificatoria (1485).
Specially the products of damask, gold and silver embroidery, woodcarving and ‘intarsia’, marble and sandstone sculptures of arabesques, portraits in wax and jewelry in gold. See: Burkhardt, Civilization of the Renaisance in Italy (1950, 1860) 52.
Carlyle, Past and Present (1843), Book IV, Ch. 1, Ch. 4, online @: “http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13534/13534.txt”.
See: William James, “Pragmatism” @: “http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/5116”.
Horace Mann, Validictory Speech, August 2, 1859, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. See Mann’s Twelve Sermons @: “http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AJF7064”. Mann was first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education (1837-1848), reorganized the entire public school system and teaching methods, helped establish the first US normal school in 1839.
John Dean, “U.S. and European Heroism Compared,” Ch. 4 in: Susan J. Drucker, Gary Gumpert, Eds., Heroes in a Global World (Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, Inc., 2008) 67-97.
Jane Polley, Horace Beck, et ali. Eds., American Folklore and Legend (Pleasantville, N.Y.: The
Reader’s Digest Association Inc., 1978) 366.
Ida Tarbell, All in the Day’s Work – An Autobiography (Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall & Co., 1985; orig. publ. Macmillan, 1939) 288. This was not an uncommon perception of Henry Ford at the time, seen as man who applied a rennovative, humanistic philosophy to his industry and was understood to be an idealistic creator of automobiles who had the poet’s courage to dream of better worlds.
Ida Tarbell, All in the Day’s Work (1985, 1939) 287-296.
Ida Tarbell, All in the Day’s Work (1985, 1939) 287-296.
The Reminiscences of Reinhold Niebuhr, in the Oral History Collection of Columbia University,
Butler Library. “Niebuhr, Reinhold Interviewee, May 1954”, pages 32-48; Niebuhr lived in Detroit from 1915-1928; on the whole Niebuhr’s opinion about Henry Ford was equally negative and positive, fascinated by his idiosyncrasies.
Michel Rezé, Ralph Bowen, Key Words in American Life (Paris: Armand Colin, 1998, 4th edn.) 149.
David M. Potter, People of Plenty – Economic Abundance & the American Character (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954) 68.
Full quote: “The moral flabbiness born of the exclusive worship of the bitch-goddess SUCCESS. That—with the squalid cash interpretation put on the word success—is our national disease”; William James in letter of Sept. 11, 1906, to H.G. Wells.; in: The Letters of William James, vol. 2 (1920).
For details see at National Bureau of Economic Research Business Cycle Dating Committee, @: “http://www.nber.org/cycles/recessions.html” and a simplified version of “List of recessions in the United States” @: “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_States”.
Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass, Authoritative Texts, Prefaces, Whitman on His Art, Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1973. Ed. Sculley Bradley. My italics.
[Anonymous]. “[Review of Specimen Days and Collect].”The Mace: A Weekly Record of the Glasgow Parliamentary Debating Association (27 November 1882): 2-3, @ the Walt Whitman Archive: “http://www.whitmanarchive.org/criticism/reviews/days/anc.00105.html”. Italics mine.
first quote, Leaves of Grass, p. 60, 1855 edn.; second quote, Preface, p. iii, 1855 edn.; both online @ the Walt Whitman Archive: “http://whitmanarchive.org/published/LG/1855/whole.html”
See “Roosevelt’s address on The Museum of Modern Art, as printed in the Herald Tribune on May 11, 1939,” full speech @: “http://www.moma.org/research/archives/highlights/04_1939.html”.
Boswell’s Life of Johnson in Two Volumes (London: Oxford University Press-Humphrey Milford, 1927) Vol. 2, 186 [1778].
The Social Network (dir. David Fincher, wrt. Aaron Sorkin, with Jeff Eisenberg, Rooney Mara, Andrew Garfield and Justin Timberlake, 2010); line quoted delivered by Zuckerberg character in film.
Philip L. Gerber, Introd. to: Theodore Dreiser, Trilogy of Desire Three Novels by Theodore Dreiser The Financier [1912] The Titan [1914] The Stoic [1945] (New York: World Publishing-Times Mirror, 1972) 43-44. Dreiser’s Cowperwood Trilogy, aka: “The Trilogy of Desire”.
August Wilson, Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom (New York: Plume-Penguin, 1985) 82-83.
Irving Howe, “Notes on Mass Culture,” Politics, V. 5, Spring 1948, 120-123; as anthologized in: Bernard Rosenberg & David Manning White, Eds., Mass Culture: The Popular Arts in America (New York: The Free Press, 1957) 496- 503, q. 503 and footnote 1. This issue’s vitality amid the US Left has received the most critical attention, e.g., see: Paul R. Gorman, Left Intellectuals and Popular Culture in Twentieth-Century America (Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).
John Walker, Ed., Halliwell’s Filmgoers & Video Viewer’s Companion (New York: HarperPerennial, 1993, 10th edn.) 553.
Canudo, Ricciotto. The Birth of the Sixth Art, 1911; Reflections on the Seventh Art, 1923; see also “http://www.gioiadelcolle.info/” –“Il portale della comunit” gioiese. In the same vein Heny R. Luce insisted on the creativity of the journalist: “Publishing is a business, but journalism never was and is not essentially a business. Nor is it a profession”—as recalled in his New York Times obituary, Feb. 28, 1967.
John Walker, Ed., Halliwell’s Filmgoers & Video Viewer’s Companion (New York: HarperPerennial, 1993, 10th edn.) 552.
Gilbert Seldes, The Seven Lively Arts (New York: Harper & Brothers Publs., 1924) 355.
For full credits and additional dialogue, see each film respectively at IMDB: Blond Crazy @: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021673/”; Mae West’s IMDB page @: “http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0922213/#Actress”. Pick-up @: “http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024448/”; Jezebel @: “http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0030287/”.
Contemporary critic of Chaplin in The Gold Rush (1925); John Walker, Ed., Halliwell’s Filmgoers Companion (1993) 153.
J. Walker, Ed., Halliwell’s Filmgoers Companion (1993) 154.
Charles Chaplin, My Autobiography (London: Penguin, 1966; orig. publ. 1964) 221.
Charles Chaplin, My Autobiography (1966) 429.
See full listing and external reviews for Rossellini’s L’Amore @: “http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040092/”
As noted, chief promoter of the new sexual frankness among US screenwriter artists was Tennessee Williams. See: Ch. 12 “Hollywood in Transition” in: Douglas T. Miller & Marion Nowak, The Ffties: The Way We Really Were (New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1977) 309-37.
See full text of “Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson 343 U.S. 495 (1952)” @: “http://supcourt.ntis.gov/get_case.html?casename=Case%20Name:%20JOSEPH%20BURSTYN,%20INC.%20V.%20WILSON%20343%20U.S.%20495%20&searchstring=mode=casename&cn_words1=Burstyn&cn_words2=Wilson” and online site of US Supreme Court @: “http://www.supremecourtus.gov/”.
Giambattista Vico, The New Science (trans. 1968, edn of 1744) Bk. 1, para. 237-38.
Unless otherwise noted, definitions of artist, artsy, and arty which follow are all from: J. E. Lighter, Ed., The Random House Dictionary of American Slang (New York: Random House, 1994) Vol. 1, A-G, 36.
Artist as criminal is reminiscent of Dickens's character from Oliver Twist (1839) Jack Dawkin’s—the Artful Dodger.
See: Ellen S. Harris, Ed., Precisionism in America 1915-1941: Reordering Reality (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994). See Thomas H. Benton “Arts of the West” currently online @: “http://twecht.tripod.com/grapesofwrath/TheArts.jpg”.
See: “arty bubbas gotta...” @: “http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-16731.html”
Max Weber, “Religious Rejections of the World and Their Directions,” in: H. H. Gerth, C. Wright Mills, translators and editors, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946) 323-324.
Linguist H. L. Mencken stressed how forcibly the “lusty being” of the Elizabethan tongue was kept alive over the years in American, rather than British, English. See: H.L. Mencken (1880–1956). The American Language. 1921. 5. The General Character of American English, @: “http://www.bartleby.com/185/5.html”.
For example, see: Stuart Berg Flexner, I Hear America Talking (New York: Simon & Schuster-Touchstone, 1976) “Spanish” 318-324, “French” 152-155.
See Mencken’s pages from The American Language (1921) on the Spanish and French languages and American English @, respectively: “http://www.bartleby.com/185/a7.html” and “http://www.bartleby.com/185/a6.html”.
John Smith, The Generall Historie (1624) page 61; currently available online @: “http://community.tncc.edu/faculty/longt/ENG241/honors/Etexts.htm”. NB: in accord with contemporary use, Smith spelled the word “bisiness”.
From his classic book of aphorisms: William Penn, Some Fruits of Solitude, no. 403 (1693).
J. M. Clark, “Adam Smith and the Currents of History,” The University Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 4, No.4 (Oct., 1926), pp. 348-369, quotes: 352-53.
From Wealth of Nations, as quoted in Donald Winch, “Smith, Adam (bap.1723, d. 1790)” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online version @: “http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25767”.
See: OED & the “Spiritus-Temporis.com” website @: “http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/capitalism/etymology.html”.
Cropsey, Joseph, Polity and Economy: An Interpretation of the Principles of Adam Smith (1957; reprint, Greenwood Press 1977) 49-53.
J. E. Lighter, Ed., The Random House Dictionary of American Slang (New York: Random House, 1994) Vol. 1, A-G, 326.-327, and Christine Ammer, The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms (New York: Hopughton Mifflin Co., 1997) in compilation for all US idiomatic “art” and “business” definitions.
William Benton Publ. & Ed., The Annals of America, Vol.14 - 1916-1928 (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1968) 385.
Henry Adams, Ch. 25 “The Dynamo & The Virgin,” paragraph 10, in The Education of Henry Adams (1918).
Unless noted, examples given are my own, based on the Lighter and Ammer slang and idiom dictionaries previously cited.
Wilson: to a U.S. Senate committee, Jan. 1953, modified popular form from reported version in New York Times (Feb. 24, 1953); “Success is...”: Vanessa Williams, attributed circa 1990; “Globalization is not...” Bill Clinton, in: WGBH documentary Commanding Heights The Battle for the World Economy producer William Cran, 2002.
@: “http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/cc30.html”
Address before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, January 17, 1925, from: Calvin Coolidge, Foundations of the Republic (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926) Ch. 20.
David M. Potter, People of Plenty (1954) 68.
Book: 1918; Pulitzer Prize: 1919; movie dir. by Orson Wells 1941.
“Respect” by Otis Redding © Warner Bros. Music Ltd., on: Aretha Franklin, 20 Greatest Hits, Atlantic CD 229241135-2, cut 2. NB: Last major revival or an on-going revival? See the 23 current definitions of “business” at the Wiki UrbanDictionary, which, unfortunately, usually blends all English-speaking definitionss; @: “http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=business”
Bergson: “Realism is in the work when idealism is in the soul, and [...] it is only through ideality that we can resume contact with reality,” in: Henri Bergson, “Laughter,” from Wylie Sypher, Ed., & Trans., Comedy (New York: Doubleday- Anchor, 1956) 162.
Theodore Roosevelt, address at the Sorbonne, Paris, France, April 23, 1910.—“Citizenship in a Republic,” The Strenuous Life (vol. 13 of The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, national ed.), chapter 21, p. 510 (1926). Compare Rudyard Kipling’s enthusiastic poem “IF” (“If you can dream and not make dreams your master /
If you can think and not make thoughts your aim. /If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
/ To serve your turn long after they are gone, /... Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
/ And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!”).
Henry R. Luce, “The American Century,” Reader’s Digest, April 1941, orig. publ. in Life, Feb. 17, 1941.
It was $5.5 billion in 1988 currency, which equals more than $9.5 billion in 2007 currency. See: “The Entertainment Industry,” special supplement in: The Economist, December 23, 1989, 4; while for 1999 figure, see: Jamie Metzi, “Popular diplomacy”, in Daedalus, March 22 1999, online @: “www.articlearchives.com/international-relations/weapons-arms-military/ 1084368-1.html” - 84k.
Joseph Nye, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New York: Basic Books, 1990).
F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Swimmers,” 1929, short story’s concluding lines. See: James L. W. West III, et al., Cambridge Edition of The Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 12 Vols. 1991-2009). At the same time, since WWII another level of the issue of a global “US Empire”—or any nation’s global empire—is the fact of military bases abroad. How many, how big, how powerful are a nation’s military bases abroad? E.g., on Okinawa, Japan, the USA to date has 38 military bases. What is the world-wide count? What is the importance of military bases abroad in relation to the influence a nation’s popular culture abroad? See: Chalmers Johnson, “Empire of Bases,” IHTribune/NYTimes, July 14, 2009, 7.
Wilson P. Dizard, Jr., Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the U.S. Information Agency (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publs., Inc., 2004) 223.
Attributed to Wilkie’s conversations with Stalin when he visited Russia in the early 1940s; see: Wendell L. Willkie, One World (New York: Simon & Schuster-Pocket Books, 1943) Ch. 4 “Our Ally, Russia” 42-73; and the movie about Stalin’s private film projectionist: The Inner Circle (1991, dir. Andrei Konchalovsky, with Tom Hulch, Bob Hoskins, Lolita Davidovich).
Anonymous, “Prabhakaran,” weekly Obituary column, The Economist, Vol. 391, No. 8632, May 23-29, 2009, 84.
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